Department of Immunology, Sun Pharma Industries, Maharashtra, India
Saif Ismail is currently working as a Professor in the Department of Immunology. His research interests include Vaccine, Disease, Epidemiology. Saif Ismail is serving as an editorial member and reviewer of several international reputed journals. Saif Ismail has successfully completed his Administrative responsibilities. Saif Ismail has authored many research articles/books related to Immunology, vaccines, Epidemiology.
Review Article
Comparative Analysis of Emerging Viruses to Inform Development of Safe and Effective Vaccines for COVID-19
Author(s): Sabiha Noor, Shabnam Sambyal, Saif Ismail and Narendra Chirmule*
Viruses have evolved by surviving in hosts over millions of years. The human immune system has also co-evolved
to counter the escape mechanisms of viruses. Each virus has a unique and specific mechanism of causing disease.
SARS-COV2 has emerged as a newly mutated virus that has resulted in a world-wide pandemic. Understanding
immunobiology of viruses provides information on developing diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. We have
reviewed and summarized the pathogenesis of four viruses that have emerged as causative agents for endemics in
the past decade. Dengue, Chikungunya, Nipah and Zika viruses i) are transmitted by different intermediate animal
hosts, ii) infect cells through different receptors, iii) induce a diverse range of symptoms, iv) which are treated with
specific and symptomatic therapies, and v) various proteins expressed by the viruses used as anti.. View more»