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Rikhav P Gala
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fraunhofer USA Inc., Newark, USA
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Mini Review
Technology Update: Laser Ablation Technology for Transdermal Immunization
Author(s): Devyani Joshi, Mohammad N Uddin, Martin J D’Souza* and Rikhav P Gala
Vaccination is the modern technique to control the spread of the infectious diseases. Transdermal route of immunization has gained attention because of the large number of the antigen-presenting cells residing in the skin. However, the major challenge in transdermal immunization is to overcome the most superficial layer of the skin, stratum corneum, which acts as an impermeable barrier preventing the diffusion of the molecules across skin. A variety of methods to overcome the stratum corneum barrier have been developed to deliver the antigens across the skin, including microneedles, thermal ablation, tape stripping, laser ablation etc. The current review focuses on the use of the laser ablation technology as a means of creating the micropores on the surface of the skin for the transdermal immunization. Several groups have studied the effects of number of pores for.. View more»