Department of Radiology, University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
Review Article
Generalized Morphea after COVID-19 Vaccination along with Characteristic Nature of Spike Protein
Author(s): Kazumi Fujioka*
The previous reports suggested that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be a systemic endothelial disease
or a multi-organ disease including endothliitis, hypercoagulability, and cytokine storm especially in severe type.
One of the most common skin presentations associated with COVID-19 is chilblain, involving the pathogenesis of
vasospasm and the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) immune response. Recent report suggested that cleaved Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein may exist in cutaneous endothelial cells and
eccrine epithelium, showing a pathogenetic mechanism of COVID-19 endotheliitis. The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
contributed to the induced neutralizing humoral and cellular immunity, decreased infections, hospitalizations, and
deaths. Meanwhile, molecular medicine indicated that the characteristic nature of the spike protein.. View more»