Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion

Plasma

Plasma, the liquid component of blood, plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis and supporting various physiological functions. Comprising approximately 55% of total blood volume, plasma is predominantly water (around 90%), with the remainder consisting of essential proteins, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. These components are critical for transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.

In the context of blood disorders, plasma's significance becomes apparent. Disorders such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease result from deficiencies or abnormalities in clotting factors, which are proteins found in plasma. Plasma-derived therapies, including fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and cryoprecipitate, are commonly used to replenish these factors and manage bleeding episodes in affected patients.

Plasma is also crucial in addressing immune system disorders. Conditions like primary immunodeficiency or autoimmune diseases can benefit from treatments using immunoglobulins derived from plasma. These therapies enhance immune responses or suppress aberrant immune activity, depending on the clinical need.

In transfusion medicine, plasma serves as a lifesaving product. It is used to treat massive blood loss, severe burns, and other critical conditions where blood volume and clotting capacity need restoration. Plasma donations undergo rigorous screening and processing to ensure safety and efficacy, emphasizing their importance in medical practice.

Advancements in plasma fractionation have expanded its therapeutic applications, enabling the extraction of specific proteins like albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors for targeted treatments. Research continues to explore plasma's potential in treating emerging disorders and improving transfusion outcomes. Thus, plasma is indispensable in managing blood disorders and advancing transfusion medicine, underscoring its vital role in modern healthcare