Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It examines how substances, including drugs, pollutants, and industrial chemicals, can cause harm, their mechanisms of action, and their effects on health. Toxicologists assess the toxicity of compounds, evaluate exposure risks, and develop safety guidelines to protect public health and the environment. This field combines aspects of chemistry, biology, and medicine to understand and mitigate the harmful impacts of chemicals.