Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion

Pediatric hematology

Pediatric hematology is a subspecialty focused on diagnosing and treating blood disorders in children. This field encompasses a range of conditions, including anemia, bleeding disorders, and blood cancers, tailored to the unique physiological and developmental needs of pediatric patients.

Common conditions managed in pediatric hematology include iron deficiency anemia, which can arise from dietary insufficiencies or chronic blood loss, and sickle cell disease, a genetic disorder causing red blood cells to become misshapen and prone to causing pain and organ damage. Hemophilia, a bleeding disorder due to deficiencies in clotting factors, requires careful management to prevent and treat bleeding episodes.

Blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma are also critical areas of focus. Pediatric hematologists employ advanced treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted treatments, tailored to the child's age, disease type, and response to therapy. Innovative therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, offer new hope for children with refractory or relapsed cancers.

Pediatric hematology also addresses non-malignant disorders like thalassemia and aplastic anemia, which affect blood cell production and function. Advances in genetic testing, supportive care, and novel therapies are continually improving outcomes and quality of life for young patients with hematologic conditions. Comprehensive care involves not only medical treatment but also emotional and psychological support for both the child and their family.