Cell signaling is the process by which cells communicate with each other and their environment through signaling molecules and receptors. This complex network of pathways regulates various cellular functions, including growth, differentiation, and response to environmental stimuli. Signals are transmitted through molecules like hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors, which bind to specific receptors and trigger intracellular responses. Understanding cell signaling is crucial for deciphering how cells coordinate their activities and how disruptions in these pathways can lead to diseases like cancer or diabetes.