Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy

The miracles of Multinanocells Therapies as Theragnostics in COVID-19 management

4^th Annual Summit on Cell and Gene Therapy

September 13, 2021 | Webinar

Dito Anurogo, J Timothy Qiu

International PhD Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar, 90221, Indonesia

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: JSCRT

Abstract:

COVID-19 is an enigmatic problem that hit the world. Multistrategies have been conducted to develop effective treatment to combat COVID-19. In this scientific review, we discuss COVID-19 pathogenicity and multinanotherapy based novel technologies. ACE2 receptor and cellular transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are crucial factors in clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection. Cytokine storm effects in increasing level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is the hallmarks of COVID-19 pathogenicity which causes multiorgan failures and potentially cause death. Hijacking of cellular machinery enable viral reproduction and spreading. Here we formulate several platforms namely Multinanocells therapies (MNCTs). MNCTs will focus on aptamer, exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), and CRISPR technology and their mechanisms against COVID-19, especially in theragnostics. MNCTs has the potential to conquer COVID-19. Aptamers can be used to detect proteins and RNA from COVID-19 through biological fluid samples for diagnostics. Allogenic MSC-derived exosomes and MSCderived drug-loaded exosomes have synergistic effects that potentially used as an effectual antiviral against COVID-19. Microenvironment in the lung tissues can be influenced by macrophage-derived exosomes through immune function and inflammatory signals. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) therapy can avert cytokine storm through activating immune system and promoting endogenous repair. CRISPR technology-based PAC-MAN (Prophylactic Antiviral CRISPR in huMAN cells) can be utilized to cleave SARS-CoV-2 genetic material using CRISPR-associated RNA (crRNA) and Cas13d, that is an RNA-guided RNA endonuclease. Hence, it is important to note that SARS-CoV-2 virus has many variants, including the latest one that was found in the UK, B.1.1.7. Possibility of a co-evolution events, as observed in minks, should be carefully monitored by the veterinary authority as well. Although the current variants don’t pose any change to the current therapeutic and prevention strategy of COVID-19, the possibility of antigenic drift for SARS-CoV-2 virus can’t be ruled out. For example, constant antigenic drift in the influenza virus has forced yearly update for the vaccine roll-out. Therefore, MNCT strategy should be catered to anticipate the discovery of further variants, or even new strains of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the future. In this end, it is necessary to carry out further research on this multiplatform, especially regarding their safety and efficacy.