Agrotechnology

Short-term soil carbon dioxide emission, organic carbon and nitrogen of soil as affected by N fertilization in an arid wheat field, Northwest of Mexico

13^th International Conference on Agriculture & Horticulture

September 10-12, 2018 | Zurich, Switzerland

Silvia Monica Aviles, Roberto Soto, Isabel Escobosa, Victor A Cardenas, Cristina Ruiz, Eduardo Salcedo and Jairo Diaz

Institute of Agricultural Science, Autonomous University of Baja, Mexico
University of Guadalajara, Mexico
University of California, USA

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: Agrotechnology

Abstract:

Conventional tillage systems in the production of agricultural crops often, use excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, which is a source of generation of greenhouse gases (N2O and CO2). The information regarding the assessment of greenhouse gases emissions in conventional fertilization a system, which is most widely used in the Mexicali Valley, is limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CO2 emission, organic carbon and soil nitrogen related to the application of nitrogen fertilizer in a soil cultivated with wheat under conventional tillage in the Mexicali Valley, Baja California. The experimental plot, with a soil Aquic Haplotorrert was cultivated with wheat (Triticum durum), with applications of nitrogen fertilizer, urea, at doses of 0, 200 and 400 kg ha-1. Organic carbon was measured by Walkley & Black method. Soil samples were incubated and CO2 emanated from the treatments was measured after 4, 22, 46 and 142 hours of incubation. Nitrogen mineralization (NO3-) during the crop cycle was obtained from KCl extraction and Kjeldhal method. The tendency was described by a lineal function (y = ax + b), a statistical means trial test was carried out (Tukey a=0.05). Organic carbon values were between 0.87 to 1.02%, not much difference was found at different doses. The emission of CO2 was 194, 247 and 238 mg/g/h for doses 0, 200 and 400 Kg N ha-1 respectively, and there was not much significant difference (p>0.05). The magnitude of the nitrogen mineralization was 753, 942 and 1125 mg N for doses 0, 200 and 400 Kg N ha-1 respectively, with differences (p>0.05) between them. Highest doses of nitrogen applied to the soil does not necessarily correspond to a higher emission of CO2 or organic carbon, but increase (p<0.05) the nitrogen mineralization, at least under evaluated conditions. Recent Publications 1. Kader M et al. (2010) Soil organic matter fractionation as a tool for predicting nitrogen mineralization in silty arable soils. Soil Use and Management. 26(4):494-507. 2. Patiño Zúñiga L et al. (2009) The effect of different tillage and residue management practices on soil characteristics, inorganic N dynamics and emissions of N2O, CO2 and CH4 in the central highlands of Mexico: A laboratory study. Plant Soil. 314(1-2):231???241.

Biography :

Silvia Monica Avilés has her expertise in soil fertility, Sustainable Use of Soil and Water Research Group. Her evaluation is based on fertility in the soil on agricultural production systems in arid zones that let to get information to improve the management of fertilizers, soil and water, taking in account climate change and greenhouse gases emissions. She has been working for several years in research, evaluation and teaching in diferent universities.

E-mail: monica_aviles@uabc.edu.mx