Journal of Food Processing & Technology

Multifaced effects of climate change on food and nutrition security

6^th European Food Science Congress

March 22-23, 2023 | Webinar

Achenef Motbainor

Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Food Process Technol

Abstract:

Climate change refers to the long-term trend in weather conditions, generally over decades or centuries. Climate change has complex interactions with food systems, leading to food insecurity through impacts on food availability, access, utilization and stability. It has been projected that climate change will lead to a relative increase in moderate stunting from 1% to 29% in 2050 compared with a future without climate change. It will also increase the rates of severe stunting by 23% in central sub-Saharan Africa and 62% in South Asia. Hence, this literature review aimed to identify the gap, analyze the effect of climate change and weather variability on food and nutrition security, mitigation and adaptation strategies. Literature review was conducted by accessing all available documents that related with climate change, weather variability, food and nutrition security. In addition to the research articles and papers, some policy documents related with climate change or weather variability, food security, nutrition security, climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies were reviewed. Moderate or severe food insecurity (based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale) at the global level has been slowly on the rise, from 22.6% in 2014 to 26.6% in 2019. Then in 2020, it rose nearly as much as in the previous five years combined, to 30.4%. Nearly, 11.9% of the global population, faced food insecurity at severe levels. In the future, higher temperature could result in even lower yields for some crops in some regions, while changes in precipitation could affect crop production in key areas. Climate change will tend to reduce global agricultural production, increase food prices and intensify the risk of hunger and malnutrition. For this reason, the number of people at risk of hunger is projected to increase by 10-20% by 2050 as a consequence of climate change. The negative effect of climate change on food production could lead to price increases for staple crops of 25% to 150% by 2060. In the 2011 to 2020, real prices for cereals could average as much as 20% higher than during the decade from 2001 to 2010, with unpredictable weather conditions being the most frequent and significant factor causing price volatility. By the year 2020, nearly 3/4 of the world’s stunted children lived in Central and Southern Asia (37%) and sub-Saharan Africa (37%). It has been projected that climate change will lead to a relative increase in moderate stunting of 1% to 29% in 2050 compared with a future without climate change.

Biography :

Dr Motbainor is an associate professor of public health who has completed his PhD from Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health in 2017. Currently, Dr Motbainor working as a faculty in College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University. He worked as Community Based Education and Community Service Director from 27 August 2017 – 01 March 2018 with 25%-time allocation for administrative responsibilities. He was also assigned as the Director of Graduate Studies and Continuing Education (DGSCE) from 10 March 2018 – 12 October 2018 and he allocated 25% of his time for administrative work. As the director of GSCE he served as unique liaisons among the graduate student body, the graduate faculty, and the graduate program administration, and possesses the authority to speak for the graduate program on any matter relating to graduate programs in the College. He published more than 20 articles in international peer reviewed journals.