Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Challenges in management of sexual transmission and pathogenesis of HIV due to host and pathogenic variation

5^th International Conference on Microbial Physiology and Genomics

September 29-30, 2016 London, UK

Atmaram Bandivdekar

National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: J Microb Biochem Technol

Abstract:

Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is highly variable due to its poor proof reading activity which results in to presence of distinct variants in different cells and secretions of the same individual. HIV is also known to bind different host cell receptors including human Mannose Receptor (hMR), CD-SIGN, Galactosyl Ceramide Syndecan-Syndecan-3 Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan receptors. Sexually HIV binds to hMR on human sperm, vaginal epithelial which are devoid of conventional CD4 receptor and further transmits the virus into distal cells. HIV binding to hMR induces Matrix Metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP9) which weakens the cell surface and therefore increase the risk of HIV transmission. Localization of hMR was found to be in lower number of vaginal epithelial cells of HIV negative female partner of serodiscordant couples as compared to normal females suggesting association of hMR in sexual transmission of HIV. Genotypic characterization of C2-V3 region of HIV1 C env gene in PBMCs, sperm, vaginal epithelial cells and cervical cells showed presence of distinct variants in the same individual with variable infectivity with different numbers of N-linked glycosylation (NLG) sites suggesting variation in co receptor affinity in different cells of same individual which may be associated with disease progression and risk of sexual transmission of HIV. Presence of distinct variants in PBMCs and urogenital cells may influence the viral affinity to host and immune cells and therefore may affect HIV transmission, infectivity and pathogenicity. These variable host and pathogenic responses remain the challenges in designing the strategies for management of pathogenesis and sexual transmission of HIV.

Biography :

Email: batmaram@gmail.com