Health Care : Current Reviews

Bacille-Calmette Guerin vaccine-induce hip tuberculosis in an infant: A case report

2^nd Annual Congress and Medicare Expo on Primary Care & General Pediatrics

September 19-20, 2016 Phoenix, USA

Jazel Obanos Manarang

The Royal Hospital, Oman

Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Health Care: Current Reviews

Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains to be a significant global health burden to this day. The WHO Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) recommends the Bacille-Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine to protect against hematogenous spread of primary tuberculous and other more severe types of TB infection in infants. However, a number of cases have been published reporting its share of complications such as regional lymphadenitis, localized abscesses and osteomyelitis. We describe a case of an eight month old boy with hip osteomyelitis from BCG vaccination, the first documented case in Oman. He presented with one-month history of intermittent fever associated with limitation of range of motion (ROM) in the right hip area. He received up to date EPI vaccination and denied exposure to persons with TB infection. He was initially treated for bacterial septic arthritis until Mycobacterium BCG strain has been detected on GeneXpert. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Lungs are the most common site to be involved but can affect any part of human body. On literature review, BCG vaccine can cause uncommon but significant complications in some infants, including osteomyelitis. Articular TB infection is largely a clinicoradiologic diagnosis. Clinical suspicion can be supported by radiological imaging in addition to culture and genomic studies to confirm the diagnosis. Chemotherapy is recommended for all patients with active disease. Supplemental surgical intervention is restricted for those with disease process complications. Although the BCG vaccine may be associated with complications, the potential morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis outweighs them. In children with symptoms suspicious of TB infection, timely diagnosis and immediate treatment are necessary to ensure the best outcome for the patient.

Biography :

Email: jazel_carillo@yahoo.com