Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination

Adjuvant-guidance of T cell mediate immune responses

5^th Asia Pacific Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination

July 27-29, 2015 Brisbane, Australia

Magdalena Tary-Lehmann

Posters-Accepted Abstracts: J Vaccines Vaccin

Abstract:

Adjuvants are important enhancers of the immune response. The choice of adjuvant is especially crucial in the context of subunit vaccine approaches. In the past, adjuvants have been used with little knowledge of the mechanism by which they exert their effects. Studies on the role of adjuvants on CD4+ T cell responses have shown that different types of adjuvants can polarize the cytokine response while inducing the same proliferative capacity, specificity and avidity of CD4+ T cells. Such responses were shown to be independent of the antigen used and genetic background of the host. Would this also be the case for CD8+ T cells? What is the contribution or importance of providing CD4+ T cell help or toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation in the generation of these CD8+ T cell responses? Studies have shown that CD8+ T cells are guided differently than CD4+ T cells. In addition, it was found that the use of different adjuvants can induce the generation of different CTL populations: cells which kill but do not produce IFN-gamma, cells which do not kill but produce IFN-gamma and cells which both kill and produce IFNgamma. By understanding the extent to which one can guide the T cell responses through the use of adjuvants and appropriate CD4+ T cell help or TLR agonists, one can improve both vaccine efficacy and safety. These have broad implications not only for vaccine development, but also in the fields of autoimmunity, transplantation and tumor biology.