Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination

A potent candidate black water fever malaria vaccine in the offing, Ugandan case

6^th Euro Global Summit and Expo on Vaccines & Vaccination

August 17-19, 2015 Birmingham, UK

Akusa Darlington

Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Vaccines Vaccin

Abstract:

Introduction: Black Water Fever Malaria, an acute haemolytic disease syndrome, associated with Plasmodium falciparum
infection, occurring only in non – immune children and adults could, be a disorder of the Zinc finger gene and tumour
necrosis factor alfa. It is characterized by haemoglobinuria, fever, jaundice and anaemia. We now report that their immunity
can be boosted with a combination of antihistamine and Zinc Sulphate to the effect of preventing further malaria attack for
over a year.
Case History: 120 children aged three months to twelve years, were followed for haemoglobinuria without a known
haemoglobinopathy, with symptoms of fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, passage of dark red urine, and loose stools, epistaxis
and body weakness, after treatment with chlorpheniramine and zinc sulphate in addition to anti malarials. There was a positive
family history of leprosy one case and congenital malformations, ranging from cervico-facial-ano genital sinuses and tags, in
96 cases, polydactyly, in one case, to Einhoms disease, in one case and or dactylitis, in one case. Physical examination revealed
fever, pallor, jaundice, dehydration, renal angle tenderness, hepatosplenomegaly and congestive cardiac failure in all of them.
Method: (i) Blood and urine samples were taken for examination. (ii) Abdominal ultrasonography was requested.
Result & Treatment: Full Haemogramme showed low haemoglobin, suggestive of severe anaemia, monocytosis, high total white
and low red blood cell counts; positive rapid test for Plasmodium falciparum and unspecified mixed species of Plasmodium,
and random blood glucose of varying degrees of hypoglycaemia. Urinalysis report revealed a positive Haem -test without the
presence of Red blood cells. Renal parenchymal disease was detected on Ultrasonography in all of them. Black water fever
malaria with severe anaemia and congenital pre-auricular sinus with renal disorder was diagnosed. In addition to general and
specific care, • Oral chlorpheniramine, 0.35 mg/kg/day in three divided doses for five days, and • Oral Zinkid (zincsulphate),
0.4 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days, were administered. They were discharged between November 2012 and April 2013, and 114
of them have not had recurrence of the disease to date with exception of six, four of whom turned up at 8 months of follow up,
nine at 9 months, and the other, at 10 months, with Black water Fever Malaria syndrome.
Conclusion: Black water fever Malaria syndrome patients developed ample immunity to the disease to the extent of protecting
95% of them for more than a year against Malaria.

Biography :

Akusa Yuma Darlington is a 1996 graduate of Makerere University in Uganda, with MBChB degree. He served as the Zonal Coordinator for National Malaria Control
Programme from 1999 to 2002. He has published in reputable journals and presented papers at national conferences. He is currently leading a team of health
workers investigating an outbreak of Black Water Fever Malaria in North Western Uganda, based in Arua Regional Referral Hospital, in Uganda.