Journal of Allergy & Therapy

Targeting the Root Cause in Allergic Immunotherapy for Lasting Relief and Improved Quality of Life

Thomas Pilette^* Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan
^*Correspondence: Thomas Pilette, Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Kanagawa, Japan, Email:

Received: 01-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. JAT-23-22157; Editor assigned: 05-Jun-2023, Pre QC No. JAT-23-22157 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jun-2023, QC No. JAT-23-22157; Revised: 26-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. JAT-23-22157 (R); Published: 05-Jul-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2156-6121.23.14.350

Description

Allergic immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots or desensitization therapy, is a well-established treatment method for various allergic conditions. It offers long-term relief by targeting the underlying cause of allergies, rather than just managing symptoms. This comprehensive therapy involves the gradual administration of allergens to desensitize the immune system and build tolerance. In this article, we will explore the concept, benefits, procedure, and considerations surrounding allergic immunotherapy.

Allergic immunotherapy is a therapeutic intervention aimed at modifying the immune response to allergens. It is primarily used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), allergic asthma, and insect sting allergies. The therapy involves injecting small amounts of allergens, such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or venom, into the patient's body in gradually increasing doses over time.

Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances, perceiving them as threats. Allergic immunotherapy works by exposing the immune system to these allergens in controlled amounts. Over time, this exposure helps the immune system become less sensitive, reducing or eliminating the allergic response. It promotes the production of blocking antibodies (IgG) while suppressing the production of allergy-causing antibodies (IgE).

Benefits of allergic immunotherapy

Long-term relief: Unlike medications that provide temporary relief, allergic immunotherapy addresses the root cause of allergies and can offer long-lasting effects even after completion of the treatment.

Reduced medication dependence: Allergic immunotherapy can reduce the need for allergy medications, allowing individuals to rely less on antihistamines, nasal sprays, and asthma inhalers.

Preventing the progression of allergies: Allergic rhinitis can progress to asthma in some cases. Immunotherapy has been shown to prevent this progression and potentially reduce the risk of developing new allergies.

Cost-effectiveness: Although the upfront costs of immunotherapy may seem higher, long-term savings can be achieved by reducing medication expenses and improving overall health.

Procedure for allergic immunotherapy

Allergen identification: The first step involves identifying the specific allergens responsible for the individual's allergic reactions through allergy testing, which may include skin prick tests or blood tests.

Treatment plan formulation: Based on the identified allergens and the patient's medical history, an individualized treatment plan is formulated by an allergist or immunologist.

Initiation and buildup phase: Allergy shots are administered at regular intervals, starting with a weak concentration and gradually increasing the dosage over several months. This allows the immune system to adapt and build tolerance.

Maintenance phase: Once the effective therapeutic dosage is reached, the patient enters the maintenance phase. The frequency of shots is reduced to typically one injection every few weeks or months, depending on the individual's response.

Monitoring and follow-up: Regular check-ups are essential to monitor progress, evaluate any adverse reactions, and make adjustments to the treatment plan if necessary.

Considerations and potential side effects

Time commitment: Allergic immunotherapy requires a significant time commitment, as it usually takes several months to reach the maintenance phase. Compliance with the treatment plan is crucial for optimal results.

Potential side effects: While generally safe, allergic immunotherapy can occasionally cause local reactions at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or itching. Systemic reactions, including hives, wheezing, or anaphylaxis, are rare but possible.

Not suitable for everyone: Allergic immunotherapy may not be recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as severe asthma or heart disease. It is crucial to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare professional.

Availability: Allergic immunotherapy should be performed under the guidance of a trained healthcare professional, typically an allergist or immunologist. Availability may vary depending on location and healthcare resources.

Allergic immunotherapy offers a targeted and long-term solution for individuals suffering from allergies. By gradually desensitizing the immune system to specific allergens, this therapy can provide lasting relief, reduce medication dependence, and potentially prevent the progression of allergic conditions. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if allergic immunotherapy is suitable for an individual's specific circumstances. With proper medical guidance and adherence to the treatment plan, allergic immunotherapy can significantly improve the quality of life for allergy sufferers.