International Journal of Waste Resources

Synthetic Gas, Algae Biomass Transformation through Thermal Plasma Gasification

Xinying Chen^* Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Great Britain, United Kingdom
^*Correspondence: Xinying Chen, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Great Britain, United Kingdom, Email:

Received: 15-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. IJWR-23-22215; Editor assigned: 19-Jun-2023, Pre QC No. IJWR-23-22215(PQ); Reviewed: 04-Jul-2023, QC No. IJWR-23-22215; Revised: 11-Jul-2023, Manuscript No. IJWR-23-22215(R); Published: 18-Jul-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2252-5211.23.13.545

Description

Organic matter is transformed into a syngas (synthesis gas) that is predominantly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide through plasma gasification, an extremely hot process that uses plasma. Human-caused global warming is destroying the blue earth where we inhabit. China has proposed the carbon peak and carbon neutralization objectives, which are devoted to reducing climate change and CO2 emissions, in response to this problem. The development of alternative forms of energy for sustainable development to progressively replace fossil fuels has emerged as a major worldwide issue due to the continued usage of fossil fuels and the worsening of environmental issues. Hydrogen energy can assist in reducing overall oil and natural gas use and achieving profound "decarbonization" as the cleanest, greenest energy with the greatest development potential in the twenty-first century. A short growth cycle, simple cultivation, and enormous development potential of algal biomass make it a promising candidate for the production of biomass liquid fuel. Large-scale damaging red tides have occurred often over the past few years, and with the worsening of offshore water pollution, issues including eutrophication and heavy metal contamination in nearby marine areas have also become more prevalent. China might become less reliant on fossil fuels to address its energy and environmental challenges and advance the development of sustainable energy sources, therefore the energy development and exploitation of algal biomass is, in a certain sense, of tremendous relevance for China.

Due to their high temperature, high energy density, and high reactivity, plasma gasifiers have received a lot of interest lately. In addition, Plasma Gasification (PG) has shown to be the most efficient and environmentally friendly method for treating solid waste and utilizing energy, demonstrating that PG can overcome the drawbacks of Conventional Gasification (CG) technology, including the production of a large amount of tar and fewer gas products. Algae, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), and coal are just a few of the feedstocks that the designed plasma gasifier model can be employed with. Biomass waste can be totally transformed into a product with a lot of usable energy when treated with PG along with hazardous trash. The dispersion of metals and hazardous gases in PG process products.

Plasma gasification is an intriguing approach of waste-to-value processing for the thermal treatment of many types of solid waste. It performs better environmentally in terms of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compared to other conventional waste treatment systems. In order to develop and maintain a very hot environment, plasma gasification only uses heat. By breaking them down at extremely high temperatures in an oxygen-starved environment using plasma, the fourth state of matter that contains a significant fraction of charged particles, the process involves transforming unfavorable complex hydrocarbons into synthetic gas with the byproduct of slag. After cooling and cleaning, the energy-rich syngas is subsequently transformed into ethanol, hydrogen, natural gas, or used as fuel for an engine or gas turbine to produce electricity.

Direct current (DC), microwave (MW), and radio frequency (RF) plasma gasification can be divided into three groups based on arc discharge processes. This study makes use of DC technology, in which electrodes in a plasma gas medium are subjected to a high electric voltage that causes the electrodes' ions and electrons to break apart and generate plasma. The gasification of various solid wastes, including carpet waste, coal, wood, wood and polyethylene, various forms of biomass and waste organics, kitchen garbage, and MSW, has been the subject of several smallscale experimental research utilizing a plasma torch with a DC electric arc. Few articles on MSW plasma gasification at industrial scale are currently accessible. A complex system with several chemical reactions and its operational components is the plasma gasification process.

Conclusion

Largely as a result of the increase in municipal solid waste output, the global trash problem is getting awful. Plasma gasification, a developing technique for the ecologically friendly processing of MSW, enables the conversion of MSW into clean syngas fuels, lowering the amount of trash in landfills and assisting in the development of the circular carbon economy. It was successfully built to handle the wastes using an up-rotating plasma gasifier with a 60 t/d capacity. Designing the upgraded feeders, installing the plasma torch retroactively, and sloping the flue gas output all improve the up-rotating plasma gasifier. Syngas was created by the plasma up-rotator gasifier.