Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia

Symptoms and the Causes of Pancreatic Cancer Surgery

Wilmink Casper^* Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
^*Correspondence: Wilmink Casper, Department of Pancreatic-Biliary Surgery, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Email:

Received: 09-Nov-2021 Published: 30-Nov-2021

Description

Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of the pancreas, the organs in the abdomen behind the lower part of the stomach. The pancreas releases enzymes that aid digestion and produces hormones that help control blood sugar levels. Various types of growth can appear in the pancreas, including cancerous and non-cancerous tumors. The most common cancers that start in the pancreas come from the cells that line the tubes that carry digestive enzymes from the pancreas (pancreatic ductal cancer). Pancreatic cancer is rarely found in the earliest stages of cure. This is because it often does not cause symptoms until it spreads to other organs. Treatment options for pancreatic cancer are selected based on the extent of the cancer. Options are surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these.

Signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer

Signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer include abdominal pain spreading to the back, loss of appetite or accidental weight loss, yellowing of the skin and white of the eyes (jaundice), pale stools, dark urine, itchy skin or, existing diabetes that is too tightly controlled is blood clots, malaise. Pancreatic cancer occurs when pancreatic cells make changes (mutations) in their DNA. A cell's DNA contains the instructions that tell a cell what to do. These mutations tell the cells to grow uncontrollably and to continue living after normal cells would die. These accumulating cells can form a tumor. When left untreated, the pancreatic cancer cells can spread to nearby organs and blood vessels and to distant parts of the body. Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas. This type of cancer is known as pancreatic adenocarcinoma or exocrine pancreatic cancer. In rare cases, cancer may develop in the hormone-producing cells or neuroendocrine cells of the pancreas. These cancers are known as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, islet cell tumors, or pancreatic endocrine cancers.

Factors that may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer include cancer risk such as smoking, diabetes, chronic pancreatic inflammation (pancreatitis), BRCA2 gene mutation, Lynch syndrome, and familial atypical malignant melanoma (FAMMM). There are familial hereditary syndromes that can increase. Syndrome, pancreatic cancer, obesity, family history in old age, and as most people are diagnosed after age 65. As pancreatic cancer progresses, complications such as weight loss, jaundice, pain, and intestinal obstruction can occur. Several factors can cause weight loss in patients with pancreatic cancer. When cancer runs out of energy in the body, it can lose weight. Nausea and vomiting from cancer treatment or tumors that press on the stomach can make eating difficult. Alternatively, the body may have difficulty processing nutrients from food because the pancreas does not produce enough digestive juices. In jaundice, pancreatic cancer that blocks the bile ducts of the liver can cause jaundice. Signs include yellow skin and eyes, dark urine, and thin stools. Jaundice usually occurs without abdominal pain. A growing tumor can press on nerves in the abdomen, causing pain that can be severe. Painkillers can help you feel more comfortable. Treatments such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy can slow the growth of the tumor and relieve pain. When the intestine is blocked, pancreatic cancer that grows or is pressed into the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) can block the flow of digested food from the stomach to the intestine. Pancreatic cancer can be reduced by maintaining a healthy weight and eating a healthy diet.