Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris Assisted Bioremediation Heavy Metal Contaminated Aquatic Ecosystem

Avinash R. Nichat1* , S. A. Shaffi2 , V. K. Kakari ¹1Department of Zoology, Govt. P.G. College Bhakhara, India

Received: 01-Feb-2021 Published: 22-Feb-2021, DOI: 10.35248/1948-5948.21.13.457

Introduction

Among the pollutants heavy metals are regarded as one of the most serious pollutants are due to their environmental persistence and tendency to concentrate in aquatic organisms. Heavy metals are chemical elements with a specific gravity that is at least five times greater than specific gravity of water and the pollution of ecosystem by heavy metal is an important problem. Heavy metals constitute some of the most hazardous substances that can bioaccumulates. The accumulation of heavy metals in the viscera, precipitation leads into chronic illnesses and cause significant damage to various organisms including induced stress, lipid per oxidation, protein denaturation, The physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms too used to regulate and detoxify environmental heavy metal toxicity on a variety of organisms but a clear understanding about the mechanism is awaited and expects further studies to establish a clear understanding on the above matter and through food and water, heavy metals/pollutants invariably find a place in the organisms including humans. Heavy metal induces oxidative damage in different organs by increasing per-oxidation of membrane chemistry and altering the antioxidant system of the cells/tissues. Interaction of metal ions with the cell organelles causes injury to cellular components.

Material and Methods

Alive, healthy, mature, disease-free and active Labeo rohita (Ham.), Clarias batrachus (Linn.) and Channa punctatus (Bloch.) 120-130gm of 18-20 cm (standard length) were obtained from few selectedlocal ponds to avoid ecological variation and acclimatized in the laboratory condition for a period of seven days and were subjected for various exposures and investigations.

Determination of safety sublethal and lethal concentration Safety, sub-lethal concentrations of copper was determined on Labeo rohita, Clarias batrachus and Channa punctatus by the probit analysis method. Higher concentration of copper was used and slowly reduced the amount of concentration to know the LC 50/100 value for 96-hour exposure.

Acute studies The Labeo rohita, Clarias batrachus and Channa punctatus (120- 130 gm) of 18-20 cm (standard length) were taken separately and kept in twenty groups and each group consist of forty eight fish species. No food was given to the above fish species during this period (08, 16 and 24 hrs). The first set of Labeo rohita, Clarias batrachus and Channa punctatus were exposed to sub-lethal and lethal concentration of copper and zinc the detail were described somewhere else. Preparation of tissue extract The terminations of the experiment preparation of tissue extract and enzyme assays were described elsewhere.

Statistical analysis The experiments with acute and chronic studies were repeated at least seven times separately to subject the data for analysis of variance.