Brain Disorders & Therapy

Short Note on Parkinson Disease

Jui Jankovic^* Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
^*Correspondence: Jui Jankovic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA, Email:

Received: 01-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. BDT-22-16468; Editor assigned: 03-Mar-2022, Pre QC No. BDT-22-16468 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-Mar-2022, QC No. BDT-22-16468; Revised: 22-Mar-2022, Manuscript No. BDT-22-16468 (R); Published: 31-Mar-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2168-975X.22.11.149

Description

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic illnesses, affecting about 1% of people over the age of 60 and resulting in progressive disability that can be delayed but not prevented with treatment. The loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, as well as the development of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, are the two most common neuropathologic findings in Parkinson's disease. Take a look at the photographs below.

The goal of medical treatment for Parkinson's disease is to keep signs and symptoms under control for as long as possible while minimising side effects. Studies show that if treatment is not started immediately after a diagnosis, a patient's quality of life quickly deteriorates.

Symptomatic and neuroprotective (disease modifying) therapy are two types of pharmacologic treatment for Parkinson's disease. There is no proven neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatment at this time.

In the early twenty-first century, a link was established between Parkinson's disease (PD) and mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 gene (LRRK2). Funayama and colleagues described a large Japanese family with an autosomal-dominant form of Parkinson's disease in 2002, which they related to a unique genetic risk locus on chromosome 12. When two groups characterised mutations in LRRK2 in 2004, they discovered the genetic aetiology of PARK8-associated PD at the same time.

Since then, a slew of new LRRK2 mutations have been identified as possible causes of Parkinson's disease. While many of these variants are likely to be harmful, proving pathogenicity is difficult, and only a few LRRK2 mutations have been definitively related to disease based on disease segregation in large families and functional studies.

Despite decades of research, the aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is unknown, and there is no preventive treatment. Dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra, on the other hand, led to widespread adoption of levodopa therapy. However, the long-term side effects of this therapy, as well as a better understanding of basal ganglia activity and interconnections, as well as advancements in surgical techniques, neuroimaging, and electrophysiologic recording, have allowed surgical procedures to be performed more precisely, piqueing interest in stereotactic surgery as a treatment for Parkinson's disease and levodoparelated dyskinesias.

Parkinson's disease (PD), sometimes known as Parkinson's, is a long-term central nervous system degenerative condition that primarily affects the motor system. The symptoms normally appear gradually, and non-motor symptoms become more common as the disease progresses. Tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement, and trouble walking are the most noticeable early symptoms. Many persons with PD experience despair, anxiety, and apathy, which can lead to cognitive and behavioural issues. Parkinson's disease dementia becomes more common as the condition progresses. Parkinson's patients may also have issues with their sleep and sensory systems.