Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia

Role of Surgery in the Field of Oncology

Rahali Tomas^* Department of Oncology, University of California, California, USA
^*Correspondence: Rahali Tomas, Department of Oncology, University of California, California, USA, Email:

Received: 07-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JSA-22-19188; Editor assigned: 10-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. JSA-22-19188(PQ); Reviewed: 01-Nov-2022, QC No. JSA-22-19188; Revised: 08-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. JSA-22-19188(R); Published: 15-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2684-1606.22.06.194

Description

According to the expansive field of oncology, cancer can be detected and treated in a variety of methods. Medical oncology often uses chemotherapy drugs to treat cancer, whereas radiation oncology relies on a variety of radiation therapies. Blood malignancies are treated through hematology-oncology. The procedure may also involve surgeons who specialise in interventional pulmonology and dermatology. The branch of cancer treatment known as "surgical oncology" focuses on using surgery to identify, classify, and treat cancer as well as to relieve some of its symptoms. As part of the patient's entire treatment plan, surgical oncologists at Cancer Treatment Centres of America® (CTCA) collaborate with a multidisciplinary team of doctors and clinicians to mix surgery with other therapies and procedures. At CTCA®, surgeons and surgical oncology teams have years of experience operating on a variety of cancers, including advanced and complicated tumours. As part of our patient care, palliative procedures may also be performed to increase comfort, and improve quality of life. Surgical oncologists take the necessary time to discuss each patient's diagnosis, potential treatment choices, and any questions or concerns they may have. To prepare for and handle postoperative side effects, the surgical oncologists will collaborate with the rest of the team, which will also include nutritionists, physical therapists, and naturopathic practitioners. Surgery is based on the kind, size, location, grade, and stage of the tumour as well as general health considerations like age, level of physical fitness, and any underlying medical disorders might have. Surgery may be performed on a patient who has cancer or suspected of having it for a number of reasons. Using surgical oncology, one can: Identify cancer (diagnostic surgery or biopsy), Remove a tumour or some, cancerous tissue (curative or debulking surgery), Discover the location of the cancer, whether it has spread, and whether it is interfering with the operation of other organs (staging surgery), Remove any potentially malignant bodily tissue (preventive surgery), Support additional forms of therapy, such adding an infusion port (supportive surgery),restore the look or functionality of the body (reconstructive surgery) reduce negative consequences (palliative surgery)

There are two primary approaches to treating cancer: open surgery and minimally invasive surgery. In open surgery, the surgical oncologist will create a big incision, usually to remove all or part of a tumour and some of the surrounding healthy tissue (margins).Using minimally invasive surgical methods, like

Laparoscopy: A surgical oncologist will make a few tiny incisions, insert a laparoscope-a thin tube with a tiny camera attached to it-into one of the incisions to obtain an interior image, and insert surgical tools into the other incisions to remove tumours and surrounding tissue.

Laser Surgery: A focused, intense light beam is utilised by the surgeon to eliminate a tumour.

The surgeon will use liquid nitrogen during cryosurgery to freeze and kill cancer cells.

Robotic Surgery: This process is similar to a laparoscopic one. Now of manually manipulating surgical instruments, the surgeon instead operates the robotic apparatus through a computer console.

Depending on the operation, non-surgeons, such as dermatologists, radiation oncologists, and interventional pulmonologists, may undertake other procedures such endoscopies, embolization, Mohs micrographic surgery, and pleuroscopies. Non-surgical procedures may be used either in conjunction with surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) or independently of surgery to help slow the growth, metastasis, or recurrence of cancer (adjuvant therapy). Possible treatments include hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.