Journal of Nutritional Disorders & Therapy

Renal Diet for Optimal Kidney Functioning with Additional Vitamin Benefits

Ikizler Laura^* Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
^*Correspondence: Ikizler Laura, Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, Email:

Received: 25-Jul-2023, Manuscript No. JNDT-23-23050; Editor assigned: 28-Jul-2023, Pre QC No. JNDT-23-23050(PQ); Reviewed: 11-Aug-2023, QC No. JNDT-23-23050; Revised: 18-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. JNDT-23-23050(R); Published: 25-Aug-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2161-0509.23.13.257

Description

If an individual has Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or is undergoing dialysis, they may require adherence to a renal diet to safeguard their kidneys and prevent additional harm. A renal diet is designed to restrict specific nutrients that have the potential to accumulate in the bloodstream and adversely affect the kidneys, including sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein. It may also be necessary to incorporate certain vitamin and mineral supplements to compensate for potential nutritional deficiencies. Here are some guidelines for adhering to a renal diet and identifying the necessary supplements.

Sodium, a mineral found in salt and numerous processed foods, plays a crucial role in regulating fluid balance and blood pressure in the body. However, excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid retention, elevated blood pressure, and added stress on the kidneys. Therefore, it is advisable to limit sodium consumption to less than 2,300 milligrams per day or as recommended by a healthcare provider. Potassium is a mineral that supports proper muscle and nerve function, as well as maintaining a regular heartbeat. Nonetheless, an excess of potassium can result in irregular heart rhythms or even cardiac arrest. To mitigate this risk, it is recommended to restrict potassium intake to 2,000 to 3,000 milligrams per day, or as advised by a healthcare provider.

Phosphorus is a mineral essential for strong bones and teeth, in addition to its role in energy metabolism and acid-base balance in the body. Yet, an excessive phosphorus intake can lead to bone loss, calcium deposits in blood vessels, heart complications, and itching. Hence, it is advisable to limit phosphorus intake to 800 to 1,000 milligrams per day. Protein is a vital nutrient that aids in tissue repair and growth. Nevertheless, an excess of protein can result in the accumulation of waste products in the blood and strain the kidneys. It is crucial to consume an appropriate amount and type of protein that aligns with one's kidney function level. In addition to adhering to a renal diet, individuals may also need to incorporate vitamin and mineral supplements to prevent or address deficiencies. These may include vitamin C and the B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, and biotin). Since these vitamins are not stored in the body and can be easily lost during dialysis or limited dietary intake, a renal multivitamin supplement that meets the recommended daily intake of these vitamins may be necessary.

Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, aids in calcium and phosphorus absorption and supports bone health. However, kidney disease can hinder the body's ability to activate vitamin D from sunlight or food. Consequently, individuals may need to take a prescription form of vitamin D, such as calcitriol or paricalcitol, which can be activated by the kidneys. Iron is a mineral essential for the production of red blood cells, which transport oxygen to tissues. Kidney disease can lead to anemia, characterized by a shortage of red blood cells. To prevent or treat anemia, individuals may require iron supplements or intravenous iron injections. Calcium is a mineral crucial for strong bones and teeth. Kidney disease can disrupt calcium levels in the blood and elevate phosphorus levels. To prevent or treat bone loss or calcium deposits, individuals may need to incorporate calcium supplements or receive intravenous calcium injections. It is imperative to consult with a healthcare provider or dietitian to determine the appropriate type and dosage of vitamin and mineral supplements tailored to one's kidney condition.

Conclusion

A renal diet is designed to limit specific nutrients that could potentially harm the kidneys, such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein. In addition, vitamin and mineral supplements may be necessary to address deficiencies caused by kidney disease or dialysis. Seeking guidance from a healthcare provider or dietitian is essential when planning a renal diet and selecting the appropriate supplements. By adhering to a renal diet and incorporating necessary supplements, individuals can play a crucial role in safeguarding their kidney health and preventing further damage. It is crucial to avoid self-prescribing supplements, as some may have harmful interactions with medications or pose risks to health.