Journal of Surgery and Anesthesia

Procedures involved in Obstetrics and Gynaecologic Surgery

Fenner Nezhat^* Department of Gynaecologic Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
^*Correspondence: Fenner Nezhat, Department of Gynaecologic Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA, Email:

Received: 07-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JSA-22-19077; Editor assigned: 10-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. JSA-22-190779PQ); Reviewed: 01-Nov-2022, QC No. JSA-22-19077; Revised: 08-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. JSA-22-190779(R); Published: 15-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2684-1606.22.06.190

Description

Procedures carried out to treat a variety of disorders affecting the female reproductive organs are referred to as obstetric and gynaecologic surgery. The vagina, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are the main structures of the reproductive system. The branch of medicine known as obstetrics focuses on women throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Operative techniques

The different disorders that affect the female reproductive organs can be treated surgically using a wide variety of techniques.

The vagina is the muscular canal that connects the lower portion of the uterus, or cervix, to the entrance of the vulva (The External Female Genitalia). The vagina serves as both the menstrual blood drain and the location where the penis is positioned during sexual activity.

The following are a few frequent surgical operations done on the vagina:

Episiotomy: a procedure that enlarges the vaginal opening to stop tearing during birth by making an incision in the perineum (The region between the vagina and anus).

Colporrhaphy: It could be required to have the vagina surgically repaired following childbirth, a sexual assault, or other injuries.

Colpotomy: This vaginal incision can be used to remove uterine fibroids, perform tubal ligation, or remove ovarian cysts.

Egg recovery

In preparation for in vitro fertilisation, this surgery is utilised to remove the eggs from the ovaries. Under ultrasound guidance, a needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to remove the eggs from the ovaries.

Colposcopy: A specialised tool called a colposcope is used to see the vagina and cervix, to identify defects or perform tests to see if there are any malignant or malignant or cancerous cells present.

Uterus

At the apex of the vagina, there is a hollow, muscular organ called the uterus. The higher, rounded region of the uterus is known as the fundus, while the lower, neck-shaped hole is known as the cervix. The inner lining of the uterus, or endometrium, is where a fertilised egg will deposit during the first few weeks of pregnancy. In the event that the egg released after ovulation is not fertilised, the endometrium generally loses during each menstrual cycle. The middle layer of the uterus's muscles, known as the myometrium, is what regularly contracts during labour.

The following are some frequent uterine surgery procedures:

Myomectomy: A process where the uterus's myomas (uterine fibroids) are surgically removed.

Cesarean delivery: A medical operation where the mother's belly and uterus are cut open to deliver the baby.

Cerclage of the cervix: To avoid miscarriage or a preterm birth, the cervix is sewn shut.

Cryosurgery of the neck: With cryosurgery, precancerous cells in a specific area of the cervix are frozen and destroyed.

Caused an abortion: The deliberate ending of a pregnancy before the foetus is capable of living on its own.

Hysterectomy: Uterine cancer, fibroid tumours, endometriosis, uterine prolapse, and other uterine disorders may be treated by removing all or a portion of the uterus.

Hysterotomy: During a caesarean section, open foetal surgery, and in some other situations, this uterine incision is made.