Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology

Prevalence of Disease Outcome of Mycobacterium Bovis against Bovine Tuberculosis Bacterial Disease

Gloria Driemeier^* Department of Bacteriology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
^*Correspondence: Gloria Driemeier, Department of Bacteriology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada, Email:

Received: 29-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-17142; Editor assigned: 03-May-2022, Pre QC No. JBP-22-17142 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-May-2022, QC No. JBP-22-17142; Revised: 24-May-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-17142 (R); Published: 31-May-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.22.13.422

About the Study

Bovine tuberculosis is a bacterial disease mainly found in cattle’s that can infect humans, other domestic, and some wildlife animals too. It has been found in the white-tailed deer in northeastern Michigan. The bacterium Mycobacterium bovis causes illness. This bacterium is closely associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is associat ed with human tuberculosis. Bovine Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bovine disease. Although it is mainly a respiratory disease in cattle, and the clinical symptoms are rare. There are three ways to develop tuberculosis in cattle.

• Breathing or inhalation of bacterially contaminated air after an infected animal or a nearby person coughs or sneezes.

• Drink unpasteurized milk from infected cows or eat raw or undercooked meat from infected animals. Eating undercooked or raw meat increases the risk of developing tuberculosis from venison to beef. In particular, if you do not wash your hands thoroughly before eating food.

• By handling the infected meat after purchasing it from animal carcasses, mainly if hands aren’t washed properly before consuming food. There are very less risky complications of an individual would contract a bovine tuberculosis by this method.

Symptoms are generally related to the method of infection and resemble human tuberculosis. Symptoms associated with tuberculosis are cough, fever, Night sweats, fatigue and weight Loss without Diet. Other symptoms may occur depending on the affected body part. For example, lung disease can be accompanied by a cough, and gastrointestinal disease can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Human bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be treated and cured. However, the complication is that M. bovis is always resistant to the tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide, despite the possibility that other first-line tuberculosis drugs may continue to be used. Meat is unlikely to be transmitted because the primary infected organs such as the lungs and liver are removed from the food chain.

Cooking meat at a minimum of 60°C kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis and eliminates the possibility of infection. The disease is primarily affects the respiratory tract, but can spread to other parts of the body. The main route of infection is the exchange of respiratory secretions between infected and uninfected animals. This can be achieved by contact with nose-tonose contact or by inhalation of aerosol droplets exhaled by an infected animal. Animals can also be infected with M. Bovis by absorbing bacteria. This can be caused by ingestion of feed contaminated with M. bovis from other infected animals. Carnivores can get tuberculosis in cattle by eating infected carcasses.

Various factors affect the efficiency with which M. bovis spreads within the cattle herd. The number of infected animals that shed organisms and the number of susceptible animals present in the herd can affect bacterial infections. Environmental pollution by Mycobacterium bovis can affect the spread of bovine tuberculosis. The survival of M. bovis in the environment is mainly affected by exposure to sunlight. M. bovis survival reports vary from 18-332 days at temperatures in the 54°F -75°F range. Under laboratory conditions, M. bovis was isolated from a variety of diets maintained at 75°F for up to 8 weeks and a variety of diets maintained at 32°F for up to 14 weeks. However, under field conditions, it is difficult to isolate M. bovis from pasture grazing animals known to be infected with M. bovis.

Tuberculosis is caused by a small bacterium known as Mycobacterium. There are many different species of mycobacteria, but the two main species, M. Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis are the only ones that can be transmitted between humans and animals. An example of another species of mycobacteria is M. avium, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum. Many of these can infect other animals and can also be obtained from soil and water. For example, M. avium organisms are widely distributed in nature and are cultivated from water, soil, plants and other environmental sources. Bacteria are so small that they cannot be seen without a microscope. Scientists look at bacteria to see their size, shape, internal structure, and how they work.

This information can be used by laboratory scientists to determine early on which type of bacteria is involved. To see under a microscope, the bacteria need to be stained to increase contrast and make them easier to see. There are two types of Bovine tuberculosis tests used internationally, the skin test and the IFN gamma test.

Skin test

The Bovine tuberculosis skin test injects a small amount of bovine tuberculin, a protein derivative of M. bovis, into the skin and measures the immune response 72 hours later. This is either a Single Intradermal Test (SIT) or a Single Intradermal Cervical Comparison Test (SICCT). The type of skin test selected (SIT or SICCT) depends on the prevalence of tuberculosis and the prevalence of other environmental mycobacteria.

IFN gamma test

The IFN gamma test is often used as a supplemental (additional) test for skin tests, where blood samples are taken from animals and immediately taken to the laboratory where they are incubated in the presence of the bovine tuberculosis antigen. The levels of IFN-gamma detected in these samples determine whether the animal has previously been exposed to M. bovis antigen. The advantage of this test over the skin test is that it requires only one visit to the farm, which is 3 to 6 weeks in the skin test, whereas the infection can be detected in 1 to 5 weeks after the infection and repeated tests are been continued immediately instead of waiting for 60 days like a skin test.