Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology

Overview on Agriculture and Plant Diseases

Hamid Ahmed^* Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
^*Correspondence: Hamid Ahmed, Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, Email:

Received: 11-Mar-2021 Published: 05-May-2021, DOI: 10.35248/2157-7471.21.12.550

Editorial

The science and practice of cultivating plants is Agriculture. Agriculture was the essential development in the rise of human civilization, whereby farming of acclimatize species produced food oversupply that enabled people to reside in cities. The historical backdrop of farming started thousands of years ago. Plants were independently sophisticated in at least 11 regions of the world. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocropping in the twentieth century came to influence agricultural output, though about 2 billion people still depended on maintaining agriculture.

Control of plant provides significant problems in agricultural use of land diseases, crucial to the reliable production of food, water, fuel and other inputs. There are numerous examples of devastating plant disease impacts such as the Great Famine of Ireland and chestnut blight, but plants in both natural and cultivated populations carry inherent disease resistance.

However, most crops successfully had reasonably disease control for it. Thus by plant cultivation approaches such as crop rotation, use of pathogen-free seed, appropriate planting date and plant density, control of field moisture, and pesticide use, disease control is achieved by use of plants that have been bred for good resistance to many diseases. To keep up with changes in disease pressure caused by the ongoing evolution and movement of plant pathogens and by changes in agricultural practices, Thus in the area of plant disease control continuous development is demanded.

Major economic losses for farmers worldwide are mostly caused by Plant diseases. It is estimated that diseases typically reduce plant yields by 10% every year in more developed settings across large regions and many crop species, whereas in less developed settings yield loss to diseases often exceeds 20%. Estimate about 25% of crop loss are responsible for pests and diseases according to The Food and Agriculture Organization. Novel sensors that detect plant odours and spectroscopy and biophotonics that are able to diagnose plant health and metabolism, new methods like this are needed to detect such diseases and pests early.

Expect asymptomatic, there are many types of plant virus. Plant viruses cause only a loss of crop yield, under normal circumstances. Therefore, exception being when they infect perennial species, such as fruit trees, the others are not economically viable to try to control them.

Single-stranded RNA genomes are what most plant viruses are consists of. Some plant viruses also have single or double stranded DNA genomes or double stranded RNA. Only three or four proteins may encode by these genomes: in order to allow cell to cell movement through plasmodesmata, a replicase, a coat protein, a movement protein, and sometimes a protein that allows transmission by a vector are used. Plant viruses can employ many different molecular translation methods and also can have several more proteins.

Mechanical and seed transmission also occurs but still by a vector plant viruses are generally transmitted from plant to plant. Some fungi, nematodes, and protozoa have been shown to be viral vectors but Vector transmission is often done by an insect (for example, aphids). Such as the beet leafhopper that transmits the curly top virus causing disease in several crop plants, in many cases the insect and virus are specific for virus transmission. The mosaic disease of tobacco is where leaves are dwarfed and the chlorophyll of the leaves is destroyed, one of the example. Another example is Bunchy top of banana, where the upper leaves form a tight, and the rosette plant is dwarfed. Tended by peoples whose culture includes farming traditions going back to ancient times, farming in some societies is kept on a small scale.