Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health

Overview of TREM2 and COX-2 Stimulation as Potential Therapeutic Treatments

Thalie Youb^* Department of Pharmacy, University of AL Andalus for Medical Science, Tartus, Syria
^*Correspondence: Thalie Youb, Department of Pharmacy, University of AL Andalus for Medical Science, Tartus, Syria, Email:

Received: 01-Dec-2023, Manuscript No. JTD-23-24283; Editor assigned: 05-Dec-2023, Pre QC No. JTD-23-24283 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Dec-2023, QC No. JTD-23-24283; Revised: 27-Dec-2023, Manuscript No. JTD-23-24283 (R); Published: 27-Dec-2023, DOI: 10.35241/2329-891X.24.11.414

Description

Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that affects the memory and cognitive abilities of an individual. It is a type of neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Common symptoms include memory impairment, difficulty in completing familiar tasks, impaired judgement, confusion with time or place, changes in mood or behavior, difficulty communicating, difficulty walking or performing daily activities, and loss of motivation. As the disease progresses over time, these symptoms become more severe and debilitating.

Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) which is a single transmembrane molecule found in inflammatory cells such as macrophages and microglia. It plays an important role in innate immunity responses towards microbial infection by recognizing microbial components within the body and then activating downstream pathways for immune response. In addition to its role in immunity responses against infections, it has also been discovered that TREM2 plays a key role in protecting neurons from inflammation-induced injury which could potentially make it useful for Alzheimer's Disease treatment. Concept using TREM2 stimulation as a therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease lies in its ability to protect neurons from inflammationinduced injury. By stimulating these molecules with certain ligands such as antibodies or small molecular agonists it can activate downstream pathways that lead to production of antiinflammatory mediators that protect neurons from damage associated with inflammation. This could potentially help slow down the progression of Alzheimer's Disease by helping reduce inflammation associated with neuron death caused by abnormal protein structures such as amyloid beta plaques found in the brains of those with Alzheimer's disease.

COX-2 stands for cyclooxygenase 2 which is an enzyme involved in inflammatory responses within the body. It plays an important role in regulating inflammation by generating prostaglandins which are hormones involved in immune response regulation when there is tissue injury or infection present. Recently studies have shown that stimulation of this enzyme can help reduce levels of amyloid beta plaques found in Alzheimer’s patients which could potentially slow down progression of the condition over time. Additionally, some animal studies suggest that inhibiting COX-2 activity may even lead to reversal of memory deficits seen with Alzheimer’s disease but further research is needed to confirm these findings before any treatments based on them can be devel oped. TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2) is a receptor expressed by microglia cells which play a role in immune responses within the central nervous system. It has been suggested that disturbances in TREM2 expression can cause inflammation in the brain, resulting in accelerated cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that stimulating TREM2 could be beneficial for reducing inflammation and improving cognitive function.

COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the inflammation response of the body. In individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, an overactive COX-2 enzyme can lead to chronic inflammation and increased neurotoxicity which further exacerbates cognitive decline. Research suggests that blocking or inhibiting this enzyme can help reduce inflammation and improve memory performance in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Although further studies need to be conducted to confirm these findings, TREM2 and COX-2 stimulation have shown promise as potential therapeutic treatments for Alzheimer’s disease. Through regular use of these treatments, patients may experience improved memory performance as well as reduced levels of inflammation associated with the condition. It is hoped that more research into these treatments will uncover additional benefits for those living with Alzheimer’s. Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurological disorder that causes memory loss, disorientation, and other cognitive impairments. Currently, there are no known cures for Alzheimer's disease; however, researchers are exploring potential treatments that could improve the lives of those living with Alzheimer’s. TREM2 and COX-2 stimulation have emerged as potiential therapeutic options, but they come with the potential for side effects and risks.

TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2) is a type of immune cell receptor that can play a role in regulating inflammation in the brain. Studies have suggested that increased levels of TREM2 could have a protective effect against Alzheimer's disease. However, stimulating TREM2 can also trigger an excessive immune response which could cause tissue damage or other negative side effects. COX-2 (cyclooxygenase 2) is an enzyme involved in inflammation pathways which could be targeted by pharmaceutical drugs to reduce inflammation in the brain associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Stimulating COX-2, like with TREM2, has the potential to cause an abnormal increase in immune responses which can cause tissue damage or other undesired outcomes. Moreover, this approach comes with a risk of drug interactions if taken along with existing medications or medical conditions. Geographical disparities underline the importance of equitable healthcare access and tailored interventions. Costa Rica's experience serves as a microcosm of global cancer epidemiology, emphasizing the urgency of addressing this complex health challenge. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and public health organizations are imperative to reduce the impact of cancer on individuals, families, and societies worldwide.