Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering

Operating Principle of Centrifugal Pump and its Applications

Sherly Linn^* Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
^*Correspondence: Sherly Linn, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Email:

Received: 01-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JAME-22-17389; Editor assigned: 03-Jun-2022, Pre QC No. JAME-22-17389(PQ); Reviewed: 24-Jun-2022, QC No. JAME-22-17389; Revised: 04-Jul-2022, Manuscript No. JAME-22-17389(R); Published: 13-Jul-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2168-9873.22.11.424

Description

The most popular form of pump for transporting fluids is the centrifugal pump. Simply described, it employs centrifugal force to transport other fluids through a revolving impeller. This is the preferred method, particularly for transporting fluids from one area to another in many industrial applications, including as municipal (water and wastewater treatment plants), agriculture, power production plants, mining, petroleum and chemical industries, and others. Centrifugal pumps can normally handle massive amounts of fluid at very high flow rates. Furthermore, they can vary the flow rates over a large range.

Centrifugal pumps are typically designed to handle fluids with low viscosity, such as water or light oil. Centrifugal pumps require greater horsepower to operate in viscous fluids. Positive displacement pumps are more energy efficient than centrifugal pumps for fluids with higher viscosities. Many fluid transport tasks include the use of centrifugal pumps. As a result, these pumps are more popular in a variety of sectors. Centrifugal pumps are most commonly used for pumping water, water supply, supporting fire safety systems, and managing hot water.

Operating principle of Centrifugal pump

p>Centrifugal pumps generate flow or lift a fluid from a lower to a higher level. A centrifugal pump converts the rotational energy of a motor into energy in a moving fluid. The impeller and the casing, both of which are located in the pump's wet end, are the two main components in charge of this task. The rotating component is the impeller, and the casing is the airtight tunnel that surrounds the impeller. A centrifugal pump's fluid enters the casing, falls on the impeller vanes at the impeller eye, and rotates radially outward until it exits the impeller through the casing's diffuser. The fluid gains velocity and pressure as it goes through the impeller.

Working steps

Dynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps. A centrifugal pump works by transferring energy to a fluid by a centrifugal force generated by the rotation of an impeller with many blades or vanes. The following are the basic concepts of centrifugal pump operation.

• The fluid enters the pump by the impeller eye, and the velocity of the fluid increases due to the centrifugal force caused by the impeller's rotation. As a result, the fluid is propelled radially out towards the impeller's periphery.

• Depending on the design, the fluid is guided to an expanding volute casing or diffuser, and its velocity energy is transformed to a pressure head.

Applications of centrifugal Pump

• These pumps are used to pump oil, mud, sludge, and power production facilities in the oil and gas industries.

• These pumps are utilized in ventilation and heating, fire security sprinkler systems, and air conditioning in industrial and fire protection applications.

• These pumps are utilized for wastewater treatment plants, gas processing, irrigation, drainage, municipal industry, and overflow security in waste management, agriculture, and manufacturing.

• These pumps are utilized for hydrocarbons, paints, cellulose, petrochemical, beverage production, sugar refining, and food in the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

• They include a magnetic coupling that can be easily destroyed in overload conditions and protects the pump from external influences.

• Aerospace and industrial refrigerant and cryogenic uses.