Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development

Morphological and Ultrastructural Adaptations and Simplification of Methods of Pharmaceutical Research in Zebrafish Neurobiology

Denis Canzian^* Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
^*Correspondence: Denis Canzian, Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA, Email:

Received: 25-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JARD-22-17012; Editor assigned: 29-Apr-2022, Pre QC No. JARD-22-17012 (PQ); Reviewed: 13-May-2022, QC No. JARD-22-17012; Revised: 20-May-2022, Manuscript No. JARD-22-17012 (R); Published: 27-May-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9546.22.13.682

About the Study

The zebra fish (Danio rerio) is a tiny fish that belongs to the cyprinidae family and belongs to the genus danio. It is a tropical fish that may be found in rivers, lakes, and freshwater bodies throughout the Indian subcontinent. In pharmaceutical and disease biology research, zebrafish models are quickly gaining popularity. Several neuroscience models have been established, and recent regulatory rulings have supported their usage in neuropharmacology and drug development research. Furthermore, the zebrafish genome has been fully sequenced and shown to be quite similar to that of humans. This expands the model's potential applications in disease biology, target discovery and validation, genetically modified models, and other related fields. The potential to integrate zebrafish data to humans or other animals for drug discovery decision making has been a fundamental weakness in zebrafish research. There has been a major gap in zebrafish research, particularly for "phenotypic drug discovery," where efficacy/potency and therapeutic index are crucial parameters to determine the fate of a treatment.

Methods of pharmaceutical research in zebrafish neurobiology

Multiple Sclerosis (MS): According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main cause of autoimmune neurological impairment, with 2.3 million sufferers worldwide. According to the research, the disease's prevalence is increasing not just in industrialized countries but also in emerging countries. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease characterized by neurodegeneration caused by an immunological reaction. The illness affects the central nervous system and is characterized by inflammation and demyelination in the brain and spinal cord, which causes motor and sensory impairment as well as disability. The disease affects the following:

• Sensation, such as loss of sensitivity or numbness.

• Muscle strength and mobility, such as muscle weakness, spasms, speech and swallowing problems, bladder and bowel problems.

• Balance, such as ataxia, fatigue, acute or chronic pain.

• Vision, such as blurred vision, nystagmus, optic neuritis, or double vision.

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced epilepsy model: This model of epilepsy is well-characterized and proven, and regulators are beginning to embrace it. The use of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in an adult zebrafish model of epilepsy is gaining favor among scientists and regulators. From both phenotypic and molecular perspectives, this model has been fully defined and verified in both larvae and adults.

Light/Dark model of anxiety: Open field test, light-dark box test, social preference test; shoaling, boldness and new object approaching, predator avoidance are all common paradigms for examining anxiety related behavior in adult zebra fish. Various studies have shown that medicines targeting practically all of the neurotransmitter pathways implicated in human anxiety disorders may regulate zebra fish anxiety-like behaviors (in both anxiogenic and anxiolytic directions).

Pharmacokinetics and brain penetration: The study of pharmacokinetics and brain penetration is an important part of a neuropharmacology programme. Factors that affect drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) qualities are retained in zebrafish, according to literature research. Structure and function of the gut and kidneys, phase I and II metabolism, and the blood-brain barrier structure are among these variables. However, understanding the PK-PD correlation in in vivo data has multiple advantages over theoretical drug design predictions, as it aids in not only determining a candidate's drug ability, but also in determining dosage, likely dosing intervals, and designing experiments in traditional animal models with fewer repetitions, following the 3Rs of animal ethics, and lower costs of experimentation. Zebrafish is an incredibly new version organism, new child at the block, in case you will. It got here into focus withinside the medical community, at the least for geneticists, more or less round 1981 when the late overdue George Streisinger, searching out a brand new genetic organism to study, picked up more than one zebrafish on the nearby and commenced to do some experiments with them. They have a variety of blessings which might be appealing to scientists, one in all them being that they may be in reality pretty reasonably-priced to buy, that's constantly a consideration, and they’re very hearty organisms. They're clean to take care of. They're now no longer very at risk of disease. And they breed very well. The different fundamental advantage, and that is what makes the developmental biologists withinside the target market get very excited, is that those men are basically clean for the primary few days of development, and that they broaden extraordinarily fast.