Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Microbiological Process:Different Methods of Production of Anaerobic Bacteria and Different Anaerobic Bacteria used in Anaerobic Bacteriology

Saranya Chandaka*^{* 1}Department of Pharmacy, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Andhra University, India
^*Correspondence: Saranya Chandaka*, Department of Pharmacy, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Andhra University, Vishakapatnam, India, Email:

Received: 05-Mar-2021 Published: 26-Mar-2021, DOI: 10.35248/1948- 5948.21.13.458

Introduction

Anaerobic bacteria-different methods are present for cultivation of anaerobes

It is of 2 types

1. Evacuation & replacement of oxygen atmosphere in sealed jars.

a) Brewer Jar: in order to create anaerobic solid medium cultures in clinical laboratories oxygen from atmosphere is removed. It is large sealed container, in this the atmospheric oxygen is removed by catalysing method of chemical combination of oxygen with hydrogen to form water.

b) Gas Pak system: By using gas peak anaerobic system, for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, an oxygen free environment is created.

c) Chromium Sulphuric acid method: Chromous will be formed on reaction of chromium with sulphuric acid. A vigorous amount of hydrogen will be evoluted. In the presence of sulphuric acid, chromous sulphate will be formed

2. Specialised techniques: Evacuated Sealed jars are not used. It contains both solid & liquid medium.

Solid medium: Its composition involves incorporation of agar into liquid media which is called as solidifying agent. Eg: Nutrient agar

a) Shake culture method: Agar or gelatin of deep culture is taken by using which even distribution of inoculum by shaking before solidification of medium, which we used mainly for demonstration of anaerobic colonies

b) Pyrogallic acid method: It is also called as pyrogallol autoxidation method. In the existence of molecular oxygen, either in aqueous or in alkaline medium, various intermediate products are produced

Liquid medium: The chief ingredients are peptone and Nacl. Louis Pasteur have used original media in which the main ingredients are urine or meat broth. Eg: Nutrient broth

Mclntosh & Filde’s Jar: Hydrogen gas is made to pass through it. Hydrogen & oxygen are combined by using a catalyst. On achievement of anaerobic process, methylene blue gas will persist colourlessness.

Displacement methods: In this method oxygen will be replaced with gases like hydrogen, helium or carbon dioxide. This is method is widely used .Eg: Candle Jar method

Peptone-yeast extract glucose broth (PYG): In this, the anaerobic bacteria is produced for gas liquid chromatography.

Artemisinin It is obtained from natural plant source in less amount by isolation process. Approximately 24mg/l of amorpha-4-diene (amorphadiene) which is an atesinin precursor. Formulation of codon optimised synthetic amorphadiene synthase gene. & melovonate pathway from s.cerevisae in ecoli. A l105mg/l of artemisnic acid was produced after modification in further processing under optimal conditions.

Different active media used in anerobic bacteriology are as follows Bacterioides bile esculin agar (BBE): It is a nutritious, scrupulous & distinguished medium which is utilized for segegartion & conjectural identification of anaerobic gram negative bacilli which are as follows Bacteroides Fragilis and Biophila wadsworthia

Anaerobic blood agar: It is a type of solid media which is suggested for its utilization in emperiacal approach. It mainly helps in proper growth and stereotypical pigmentation of scrupulous and dawdling anaerobes accompanied by anaerobes of similar clinical significance.

Thioglyconate broth: On accusion of anaerobic infection, endorsion of thyoglyconate medium is done inorder to segegrate stern anaerobes from blood. Composition: It involves the following ingredients Pancreatic digest of casein. Dextrose, Yeast Extract, Sodium Chloride, Sodium thioglycollate, L-cysteine, Resazurin, Agar.

Conclusion

This article summarises that anaerobic bacteria can be produced by many other ways which includes Evacuation & replacement of oxygen atmosphere in sealed jars in which by using sealed jars anerobic environment is created., specialised techniques which involves both liquid & solid medium, like shake culture, Pyrogallic acid method, Mclntosh & Filde’s Jar, production of artemisinin. It explains about different active media used in anerobic bacteriology Bacterioides bile esculin agar, Anaerobic blood agar, Thioglyconate broth.