Journal of Membrane Science & Technology

Mechanism of Mixed Matrix Membranes for Gas Separation

Liang Ahmad^* Department of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
^*Correspondence: Liang Ahmad, Department of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, Email:

Received: 01-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JMST-22-18883; Editor assigned: 03-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. JMST-22-18883 (PQ); Reviewed: 17-Oct-2022, QC No. JMST-22-18883; Revised: 24-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JMST-22-18883 (R); Published: 03-Nov-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9589.22.12.307

Description

Synthetic Membranes (SM) made up of polymers such as polyamide or cellulose acetate, or ceramic materials, can effectively separate gas mixtures. While polymeric membranes are cost-effective and technologically useful, their performance can be affected by the Robeson limit. This limitation has an impact on the use of polymeric membranes for CO2 separation from flue gas streams because transportation system becomes minimizing and CO2 separation becomes prohibitively expensive due to low porosity and permeability.

Membrane materials have expanded into the disciplines of silicon dioxide, molecular sieves, metal-organic structures, and perovskites due to their high tunability (ability to be altered and functionalized), resulting in higher permeability and selectivity. Membranes can be used to separate gas mixtures by act as a permeable barrier through which natural compounds transfer at high velocities. The membranes can be nano-porous, polymer, or other materials, and gas molecules permeate based on their size, permeability, or solubility.

Gas separation across a membrane is a pressure-driven method, with the driving force being the pressure difference between the raw material inlet and product outlet. Because the membrane used in the technique is generally non-porous, there will be no significant leakage of gas through the membrane. The membrane's performance is determined by its permeability and selectivity. The size of the penetrant impact’s permeability. The diffusion co-efficient of larger gas molecules is lower. Because the space within the permeable membrane must be large sustainable for the gas molecules to diffuse across the polymer chain flexibility and charge distribution in the membrane material effect the diffusion co-efficient.

The ratio of the concentration of the gas in the polymer to the pressure of the air in direct communication with it can be used to demonstrate solubility. Permeability is the ability of a membrane to allow a porous gas to diffuse through its material as a function of a pressure difference across the membrane, and it can be measured in terms of permeates flow velocity, membrane thickness, area, and differential pressure across the membrane. A membrane's selectivity is determined by the ratio of permeability of the relevant emissions for the membrane. It is determined as the permeability ratio of two gases in binary separation.

Membrane gas separation test equipment flows gas into the membrane module, in which the specific targeting gases are separated based on diffusion co-efficient and solubility differences. For example, oxygen will be separated from the surrounding atmosphere and collected surface water, while nitrogen will be obtained downstream. According to assessments from 2016, membrane technology is capable of generating 10 to 25 tonnes of 25 to 40% oxygen per day.

Membrane governing methodology

There are three major mechanisms for diffusion. The Knudsen diffusion occurs at very low pressures, where lighter molecules move faster than heavier molecules across the cell membrane in a material with relatively large pores. The molecular sieving, occurs when the pores of the membrane are too small to allow only one component to pass through, a process that is typically not practical in gas applications because the molecules are too small to design relevant pores. Carbon dioxide is reacted with a solvent such as monoethanolamine, ammonia, methanol, water, or potassium dichromate in a gas separation unit, reducing the concentration to around 100ppm.