Journal of Liver

Inflammation and Clinical Significance of Gallbladder Cancer Produced by Liver

Sergio Elsayes^* Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
^*Correspondence: Sergio Elsayes, Department of Gastroenterology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea, Email:

Received: 02-May-2023, Manuscript No. JLR-23-21820; Editor assigned: 05-May-2023, Pre QC No. JLR-23-21820(PQ); Reviewed: 19-May-2023, QC No. JLR-23-21820; Revised: 26-May-2023, Manuscript No. JLR-23-21820(R); Published: 02-Jun-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2167-0889.23.12.179

Description

Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) is a rare type of cancer that affects the gallbladder, a small organ that stores bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver. It is the most common cancer of the biliary tract, which includes the gallbladder and the bile ducts that carry bile from the liver to the intestine. The exact cause of GBC is not known, but it is believed that chronic inflammation of the gallbladder is an important factor that triggers abnormal changes in the cells that line the inner surface of the organ. These changes, also known as mutations, cause the cells to grow out of control and form a tumor. GBC is most common in people who have gallstones or have had them in the past. Gallstones are hard deposits of cholesterol or bilirubin that form in the gallbladder or bile ducts. They can cause inflammation and infection of the gallbladder and increase the risk of GBC by 4 to 7 times.

Other problems that can affect the gallbladder and increase the risk of GBC include polyps (small growths), chronic inflammation, infection, congenital anomalies (such as choledochal cysts or biliary atresia), porcelain gallbladder, and primary sclerosing cholangitis (a disease that causes scarring and narrowing of the bile ducts). This may be related to genetic factors, environmental factors, or dietary factors. Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of GBC by affecting bile composition and increasing inflammation. Smoking tobacco can increase the risk of GBC by damaging DNA and causing inflammation. Some chemicals that are used in certain industries or occupations, such as rubber manufacturing, metal mining, textile dyeing, or printing, may increase the risk of GBC by causing DNA damage or inflammation. GBC often does not cause any specific signs or symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage. This makes it difficult to detect and diagnose early.

The treatment of GBC depends on the stage of the disease, the general health of the patient, and the preferences of the patient and the doctor. The removal of the gallbladder and some surrounding tissue (cholecystectomy) is the only treatment that can potentially cure GBC. Chemotherapy may be given before surgery (neo-adjuvant) to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove, after surgery (adjuvant) to reduce the risk of recurrence, or as the main treatment for advanced or metastatic GBC that cannot be removed by surgery. Chemotherapy may be given alone or in combination with other drugs or therapies. Radiation therapy may be given before surgery (neo-adjuvant) to shrink the tumor and make it easier to remove, after surgery (adjuvant) to reduce the risk of reoccurrence or as a palliative treatment for advanced or metastatic GBC that cannot be removed by surgery. Radiation therapy may be given externally (from a machine outside the body) or internally (by placing radioactive sources near the tumor). Targeted therapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or other Immunotherapy may be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy or other therapies for advanced or metastatic GBC that cannot be removed by surgery.

Conclusion

However, only a small percentage of patients are eligible for surgery, as most cases are diagnosed at a late stage when the cancer has spread beyond the gallbladder. In some cases, more extensive surgery may be needed to remove part of the liver, bile ducts, or lymph nodes. Surgery may also be done to relieve symptoms or complications caused by GBC, such as bile duct obstruction or bleeding. There is no routine screening test for GBC, as it is not common enough to justify screening large populations. However, some people who have a high risk of developing GBC, such as those with a family history, a history of gallstones, or certain genetic syndromes, may benefit from regular ultrasound exams or blood tests to check for signs of GBC.