Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology

Herbal Gold Nanoparticles for Attenuating Pandemic Infection of COVID-19 Virus

Nandi DK^* and Mitra M Department of Human Physiology, Raja Narendra Lal. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India
^*Correspondence: Nandi DK, Department of Human Physiology, Raja Narendra Lal. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Midnapore-721102, West Bengal, India, Tel: +919434229882, Email:

Received: 08-May-2020 Published: 17-Jul-2020, DOI: 10.35248/2157-7439.20.11.547

Nano-Based Antiviral Therapy

Various review study proposed that coronavirus vaccine are produced by means of nanotechnology. The researchers prospered by, synthesising virus-like particles (VLPs) in the form of nanovesicles using insect cells. These nanoparticles are much similar to coronavirus, except that they do not have the virus genome; once they enter into the host’s cells, they restore the immune system to fight against the infection caused by this type of virus [1-4]. Furthermore, this nanoparticles of similar sizes are capable to bind with COVID-19 viruses, and disorganize their structure with a combination of infrared light treatment. That structural disorganization would then halt the ability of the virus to survive and reproduce in the body. Development in the field of nanotechnology has embossed the necessity of utilizing therapeutic nanoparticles for the detection and treatment of diseases. Nanoparticles can damage these pathogens before they can cause any harm into the body, as they hold on to different objects and surfaces. Gold nanoparticles and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are standout choices for interacting with the viruses and preventing their entry into cells because of their high specific surface area and possibility of being functionalized with a broad range of functional groups. These CQDs having average diameter of 10 nm and their good solubility in water can be ideal applicant for vanquishing against coronavirus, because they can easily enter the cell through endocytosis and interact with the virus’s protein, thereby preventing viral genome replication [5]. Other nanomaterials have also been found to have effective antiviral effect. For instance, a Chinese research team has developed novel gold nanorods as a class of peptide inhibitors based, which carefully target coronavirus’s S protein and retard its activity [6].

Among the metallic nanoparticles gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has great importance because of its wider applications in biomedical, drug delivery, biosensor, antioxidant anticancer due to its biocompatibility well defined shape, size, stability and can be easily synthesized [7]. Green synthesis of herbal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using plants and its extract have received much interest due to its eco-friendliness, non-toxicity, less biohazardous, cost effectiveness and easily scalable. In some research study it has been found tha AuNPs can be stabilized with certain biocompatible polymer and could act as an effective antiviral agent against HIV- 1, H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, dengue virus, and Foot- and-mouth disease virus (FMDB) [8]. For example Ahmed et al also stated that positively charged AuNPs are capable for H1N1 and H3N2 detection by mimicking peroxidase enzymatic reaction assay [9]. Various other alteration in metallic nanoparticles have been examined that could mitigate viral infection, i.e., tannic acid- modified silver nanoparticle, curcumin-modified silver nanoparticle , silver nanoparticle/chitosan composite, gallic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle13, and multivalent gold nanoparticles [10-12]. These virtuous metal-based nanoparticles terminate the viral infection by blocking the entry of virus to the host cell. Likewise there are several other examples where hybridized AuNPs indicateded effective antiviral activity. Hence, these findings suggest that AuNPs can attenuate pandemic infection of COVID-19 virus. Herbal gold nanoparticles has effective antiviral activity, hence further investigations are required to find out the potential beneficial effects of AuNPs to fight against COVID-19 virus.

Conclusion

Nanotechnology holds an immense opportunity for both viral disease diagnosis and therapeutics. From various studies it can be concluded that gold nanoparticles could be used as a measure for diagnosis and treatment of viral infections. Finally the overview of major anti-viral approaches, suggest that nano-based approaches especially AuNPs would be effective in diagnosis of COVID-19 virus for attenuating this pandemic infection across the world.

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