Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology

Fundamental Significance of Biogas Production and its Consequences

Yun Woon^* Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
^*Correspondence: Yun Woon, Department of Smart Environmental Energy Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea, Email:

Received: 01-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JPEB-22-19329; Editor assigned: 02-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. JPEB-22-19329 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-Dec-2022, QC No. JPEB-22-19329; Revised: 23-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JPEB-22-19329 (R); Published: 30-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.35248/ 2157-7463.22.13.499

Description

Biogas is a mixture of gases made from raw materials such agricultural waste, manure, municipal trash, plant material, sewage, green waste, and food waste. The main gases in biogas are methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide. It is a renewable source of energy.

In an anaerobic digester, biodigester, or bioreactor, methanogen or anaerobic organisms are digested to produce biogas. Methane (CH₄)and carbon monoxide (CO) make up the majority of biogas, with traces of moisture, siloxanes, and hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) also present. Methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) can all is burned or subjected to oxygen oxidation. Biogas can be utilised as a fuel for fuel cells and for any heating purpose, including cooking. The energy in the gas can also be transformed into heat and power by using it in a gas engine.

Similar to how natural gas is compressed to create compressed natural gas, biogas can be compressed after the carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide have been removed and used to power cars. For instance, it is predicted that biogas in the UK might eventually replace 17% of the petroleum used in vehicles. In some regions of the world, it is eligible for subsidies for renewable energy.

When biogas transforms into bio-methane, it can be cleaned and improved to natural gas standards. Due to its ongoing production and use cycle and lack of net carbon dioxide emissions, biogas is regarded as a renewable resource. The organic material is transformed and put to use as it grows. After that, it grows again in a cycle that keeps happening. From a carbon standpoint, the growth of the main bioresource absorbs as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as is released when the substance is ultimately transformed to energy.

Microorganisms that undergo anaerobic respiration, such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, create biogas. Gas produced both naturally and artificially might be referred to as biogas.

A widely used approach for managing food waste is the anaerobic digestion of food wastes to produce biogas, which is mostly methane. As the final residue can be used as a nutrientrich fertilizer or soil conditioner, the combined production of methane and hydrogen is an alluring two-stage process. Biogas is made up of substances like methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, moisture, and siloxanes. The biological breakdown of organic waste occurs during the anaerobic digestion process, which produces biogas. The following reactions occur in order during the conversion of biomass to biogas: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, methanogenesis, and hydrolysis. In addition to producing biogas, it also results in fertiliser that is rich in nutrients.Due to the high carbohydrate content of food waste; biogas production from it provides an economical and organic biodegradable matter.

The use of anaerobic digestion has increased recently all around the world. The use of renewable resources to produce electricity was encouraged by numerous national initiatives. Revealed that the biogas output between pretreated and untreated food wastes differs greatly depending on the substrates' preparation. They used the microwave, autoclave, and several pretreatment techniques for food wastes in their investigation. Out of these, ultrasonication produced the most biogas, 10.12% at most. Additionally, the anaerobic digestion method was used to pretreat poultry wastes in order to produce biogas. Revealed that 95.1% of VSs are initially converted to 530 ml/g of methane by anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable wastes. Similar studies have shown that 440 ml/g of methane was produced from food waste, with 70% of those studies employing various fruit and vegetable wastes to produce methane (180-732 ml/g). Shown how to produce biogas from food waste using various types of digesters, including mesophilic, temperature-phased anaerobic, and temperature-phased anaerobic with recycling.

On the other hand, the simultaneous synthesis of methane and hydrogen by anaerobic digestion of waste from the wholesale market (vegetable, fruit, and flower) waste is also a successful strategy. Anaerobic digestion uses a combination of bioconversion mechanisms to produce methane, hydrogen, and organic acids in an economically viable manner. In this threestage food waste fermentation process, lactic acid bacteria are used to produce lactic acid, which is then followed by photo fermentative bacteria using the supernatant to produce hydrogen. The remaining solid waste is converted to ethane in the interim.

With a total energy of 1146 MJ/ton food waste, this three-stage process produces 41% and 37% of bioenergy with hydrogen and methane, respectively. All of the trash may be broken down by the biogas power plant to create methane, which is then utilized to generate bioelectricity. 600 kW (Kilowatt) of electricity were produced from 1000 kg of food waste every day.

Positive aspects of biogas

• Eco-friendly biogas

• Biogas production decreases water and soil pollution

• Organic fertilizer is produced by biogas generation

• It promotes a circular economy and a simple and affordable technology

• Alternatives to healthy cooking in developing areas

Negative aspects of biogas

• Several technological advances

• The impact of temperature on the production of biogas

• Unsuitable for dense urban areas