Biology and Medicine

Epidemiology and Management of Breast Cancer in Women

Wondim Melkam^* Department of Oncology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
^*Correspondence: Wondim Melkam, Department of Oncology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Email:

Received: 23-Nov-2022, Manuscript No. BLM-22-19496; Editor assigned: 28-Nov-2022, Pre QC No. BLM-22-19496 (PQ); Reviewed: 12-Dec-2022, QC No. BLM-22-19496; Revised: 19-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. BLM-22-19496 (R); Published: 26-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.35248/0974-8369.22.14.524

Description

Breast cancer is mostly occur in women and symptoms are vary from person to person. The most common symptom is a lump in the breast or armpit. Others include skin changes, pain, nipple retraction, and abnormal nipple discharge. Swelling or lumps around the collarbone or armpit can be caused by breast cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes in these areas. Swelling may appear before a person feels a lump in their breast. Lumps are usually hard, irregularly shaped, and painless. However, some breast cancer tumors are soft, round, and tender. Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are many different types of breast cancer. The type of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast become cancerous. Breast cancer can occur in different parts of the breast. The breast consists of three main parts- lobules, tubes and connective tissue. The lobules are glands that produce milk. A milk duct is a tube that carries milk to the nipple. Connective tissue (composed of fibrous and fatty tissue) surrounds and holds everything together. Most breast cancers originate in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can spread through blood vessels and lymph vessels outside the breast. When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it is said to have metastasized.

Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control. There are many different types of breast cancer. The type of breast cancer depends on which cells in the breast become cancerous.

Most breast cancers originate in the ducts or lobules. Breast cancer can spread through blood vessels and lymph vessels outside the breast. When breast cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it is said to have metastasized. On average, breast cancer doubles every 180 days, or about every 6 months. Still, the growth rate of any particular cancer depends on many factors. Breast cancer treatment is successful for most people, and the risk of recurrence decreases over time. Stage 1 is highly treatable but requires treatment. It usually requires surgery and often radiation or a combination of the two. Additionally, hormone therapy may be considered, depending on the type of cancer cells found and additional risk factors.

Signs of breast cancer includes formation of new lump in breast or armpit (armpit), partial thickening or swelling of the breast, irritation or deepening of the breast skin, red and scaly skin around the nipples and breasts, nipple contraction or sore nipples, non-milk nipple discharge containing blood. Doctors examine both the breast and the lymph nodes in the armpit to know the presence of cancerous cells. Mammography is procedure used for diagnosis. Mammogram is the x-ray of the breast, used to screening of breast cancer. If an abnormality is detected on a screening mammogram, doctor may recommend a diagnostic mammogram to further evaluate that abnormality.

Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of structures deep within the body. Ultrasound may be used to determine whether a new breast lump is a solid mass or a fluidfilled cyst. Removing a sample of breast cells for testing is known as biopsy. A biopsy is the only definitive way to diagnose breast cancer. During a biopsy, doctor will use a special needle device guided by her x-rays or another imaging test to remove a core of tissue from the suspected area. A small metal marker is often placed in the chest so that the area can be easily identified on future imaging tests. A biopsy sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis, where a specialist determines whether the cells are cancerous or not. Biopsy samples determine the types of cells involved in breast cancer, the grade of the cancer and whether cancer cells carry hormone receptors or other receptors that may influence treatment options are also analyzed. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the breast is a diagnostic procedure uses magnets and radio waves. Before doing breast MRI, perosn will receive an injection of contrast agent. Unlike other types of imaging tests, MRI does not use radiation to create the images.