Journal of Allergy & Therapy

Effects of Bronchial Asthma and its Impacts on Neuro System

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
^*Correspondence: Holmlund Niesten, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Email:

Received: 02-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JAT-22-17404; Editor assigned: 06-Jun-2022, Pre QC No. JAT-22-17404 (PQ); Reviewed: 20-Jun-2022, QC No. JAT-22-17404; Revised: 30-Jun-2022, Manuscript No. JAT-22-17404 (R); Published: 07-Jul-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-6121.22.13.290

Description

Asthma is a global health problem, nearly 200 million people suffer from asthma globally. According to a recent survey in China, the prevalence of asthma is 3.26%. There are several risk factors for asthma such as obesity, respiratory infections, genetic, and environmental factors. Chronic inflammation of the airways is the main pathological mechanism of asthma, subsequently results in narrowing of the airway and the classic symptoms of wheezing. The Bronchial Asthma led to the impairment of lung function and intermittent hypoxia. In comparison to healthy people, BA sufferers had a greater risk of acquiring depression and anxiety problems. Patients with BA have also been demonstrated to have a higher risk of depression and anxiety than healthy people. Furthermore, BA patients have a higher rate of cognitive impairment than healthy people. As a result, the BA may cause central nervous system disorders.

Neuroimaging studies have shown that BA patients cause significant functional and structural changes in the brain. In this study found that asthma without depression had decreased Regional Homogeneity (ReHo) in the right insula, while asthma with depression had decreased ReHo in the right insula. The insula and anterior cingulate cortex may play a key role in inflammatory processes in BA patients. In comparison to Healthy Controls, BA patients had enhanced functional connectivity between the left ventral anterior insula and the right Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC), as well as decreased functional connectivity between the left ventral anterior insula and the contralateral parietal lobe. Furthermore, the default mode network, the front parietal network, and the sensorimotor network all had aberrant functional network centrality in asthma patients.

The human brain is made up of two symmetric cerebral hemispheres that are highly connected anatomically and functionally. Homotopic connection synchronisation is an important element of the brain's functional organisation. Important physiological functions rely on interhemispheric cooperation. Interhemispheric coupling has been linked to the processing of motor, auditory, and visual functions in previous Electroencephalogram (EEG) investigations. The Resting-state fMRI technique of Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity (VMHC) can be utilised to explore the homotopic connection between each hemisphere. The test-retest dependability of the VMHC approach has been demonstrated. Many disorders, such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome and chronic insomnia problem, have been successfully assessed using the VMHC technique. However, the long-term impact of BAinduced intermittent dyspnea on homotopic connection is unknown.

The VMHC approach was utilised to examine alterations in the functional connections between cerebral hemispheres, and rsMRI technology was used to detect BA patients and HC controls in this investigation. The VMHC values of various brain areas (bilateral basal ganglia/thalamus/insula, cuneus/ calcarine/ lingual gyrus, Precentral gyrus, and Postcentral gyrus) were considerably lower in BA patients than in normal controls. Second, in comparison to the HC group, functional connectivity was investigated utilising VMHC aberrant brain areas as seed points. As far as we know, this is the first time VMHC has been utilised in conjunction with the seedbased resting-state functional connectivity technique to investigate alterations in functional connectivity in the total brain of BA patients. These findings, we hope, will aid in the creation of an imaging biomarker for the detection of BA, which will be critical in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and quality of life of asthma patients.

The Inferior Parietal Lobule (IPL) is also involved in body perception, motor orientation, memory retrieval, language interpretation, digital processing, and social cognition. It is one of the key brain areas of the frontoparietal network, which is critical for attention and executive function. The FC value of the IPL brain region was much lower in untreated heroin addicts than in normal patients, and they postulated that the IPL brain region might be a neurological target for therapy and intervention.