Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology

Early Identification and Epidemiological Aspects of Zoonotic Chagas Infectious Disease

Carlos Gerardo^* Department of Infectious Disease, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
^*Correspondence: Carlos Gerardo, Department of Infectious Disease, National University of La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Email:

Received: 27-Apr-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-17130; Editor assigned: 02-May-2022, Pre QC No. JBP-22-17130 (PQ); Reviewed: 16-May-2022, QC No. JBP-22-17130; Revised: 23-May-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-17130 (R); Published: 30-May-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.22.13.420

About the Study

Chagas disease is a vector-borne zoonotic infectious disease, which mainly affects the multiple organs system of human body mainly the heart. Chagas disease is one of the inflammatory diseases caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite is found in triatoma rubrofa feces. This bug is also known as a "kiss bug". Chagas disease is widespread in South America, Central America, and Mexico, the main home of the Triatomine beetle. Rare cases of Chagas disease have also been found in the southern United States. Chagas disease, also known as trypanosomiasis in the United States, can infect anyone, and left untreated, Chagas disease can later cause serious heart and digestive problems. During the acute phase of infection, the treatment of Chagas disease focuses on killing parasites. It is no longer possible to kill parasites in people who have chronic Chagas disease. Chagas disease can be a reason for sudden, quick illness (acute), or it can be a long-lasting (continual). Symptoms vary from moderate to extreme, although many humans don`t revel in signs till the last stage. The acute section of Chagas disease lasts for weeks or months, or some people may not experience any symptoms. Signs and symptoms that broaden at some point in the extreme section typically leave on their own. In a few cases, if the contamination isn't treated at the proper time, Chagas disease will develop into the chronic phase.

The reason for Chagas disease is the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is unfolded from an insect referred to as the triatomine bug, or "kissing bug." These bugs can become to be inflamed through this parasite after they swallow blood from an animal that is infected with the parasite. Triatomine insects will live in mud, thatch, or adobe huts. They cover in crevices inside the partitions or roof at some point of the day and pop out at night and frequently feed on drowsing humans. Infected insects defecate after feeding, leaving the back of parasites on the skin. The parasites can enter the body through the eyes, mouth, body scratches, or the wound from the bug's chunk. Scratching or rubbing the wound part may help the parasites to enter the body very easily. If Chagas disease progresses to the long-lasting chronic phase, severe coronary heart or digestive complications may also occur. These may also include:

Heart failure

Heart failure happens when your coronary heart turns so susceptible or stiff that it cannot pump sufficient blood to fulfill the body’s needs.

Enlargement of the esophagus

This type of condition is rare and mainly occurs by the abnormal widening (dilation) of the esophagus. This can bring about the issue with swallowing and digestion.

Enlargement of the colon

Mega colon happens while your colon turns abnormally dilated, inflicting belly pain, swelling, and extreme constipation.

Blood tests can verify the presence of the parasite or the proteins that your immune system creates (antibodies) to combat the parasite in the blood. If you are recognized with Chagas disease, you may likely have more tests. These tests can be executed to decide whether the disease has entered the chronic section and prompted coronary heart or digestive complications. Tests may also include:

• An electrocardiogram is a test that verifies and records the heart’s electrical activity.

• Chest X-ray is an imaging test that is examined through sound waves to capture the moving images of the heart, which allows health care professionals to observe the changes in the heart and its function.

• An abdominal X-ray is a test that is done with the help of radiation to capture the images in the stomach, intestines, and colons.

• Upper endoscopy is a procedure, in which a patient has swallowed a thin, lighted tube that helps to transmit the image of the esophagus on a screen.