Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta

Drug Discovery for Cardiovascular Disease Focused on Mechanism of Action for Biological Antibiotics

Garcia Adams^* Department of Biology, Harvard Medical University, Boston, United States of America
^*Correspondence: Garcia Adams, Department of Biology, Harvard Medical University, Boston, United States of America, Email:

Received: 02-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. PAA-23-19640; Editor assigned: 06-Feb-2023, Pre QC No. PAA-23-19640(PQ); Reviewed: 20-Feb-2023, QC No. PAA-23-19640; Revised: 27-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. PAA-23-19640(R); Published: 06-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.23.14.714

Description

In delayed clinical development cardiovascular toxicity resulting from therapeutic medication use for the highest incidence and severity of adverse drug events. Innovative, additional, replacement, and creative approaches are thus required to overcome this problem and close the gap in efficient drug discovery and screening to study and discover new treatments for cardiac pathologies, which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, as well as to screen for adverse drug reactions on the heart, a major risk in drug development, are the two main drivers behind the development of accurate, predictive models. The cardiovascular system is particularly difficult to simulate due to its extensive dependence on the circulatory, vascular, and blood component systems as well as the neurological and renal systems [1].

The primary cause of death in the world is cardiovascular disease. The evidence that ERS can contribute to cardiovascular disorders such as ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and arrhythmia has been increasing in recent years. Antimicrobial drug efficacy is diminishing, and this has resulted to a global public health issue. This reduction has several causes, including improper antimicrobial drug usage, antibiotics in animal and plant feed, poor hygiene, and variations in the genetic make-up of bacteria. The secretion and trans membrane proteins are produced, folded, matured, and post-translated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), intracellular membranous cells. As a result, the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis and the proper balance between health and sickness are both tightly tied to ER. After an ER environment disruption, unfolded or denatured proteins build up and cause Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ERS). Cells respond to ERS by inducing the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), an adaptive response that aids cells in overcoming stress. Numerous research conducted in recent years have found that ERS can make cardiovascular problems worse [2].

Expression of ERS-related proteins in cardiovascular disorders is increasing. Therefore, reducing ERS is essential for easing cardiovascular disease symptoms and could ultimately be used to treat cardiovascular disorders. This article examines the connection between ERS, cardiovascular conditions, and ERSinhibiting medications. We also go into detail about how ERS inhibitors are used to treat cardiovascular disease. ERS-inhibiting medications are regarded as promising approaches to treating cardiovascular disorders. Endoplasmic reticulum stress introduction the multifunctional organelle known as Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) secretes proteins and trans membrane proteins for post-translational modification, maturation, folding, and synthesis. The ER protein load and the folding capacity must be balanced in order for proteins to fold properly. Antibiotics impair with essential bacterial cell functions or structures. This either eliminates the organism or inhibits its growth. An antibiotic is referred to either bactericidal or bacteriostatic based on these results [3, 4].

The mortality rates have remained unacceptably high despite a large increase in microbial illnesses during the recent years. The elimination of infectious diseases is complicated by the proliferation of new viruses and the establishment of novel resistance patterns. A major public health issue worldwide is the antimicrobial medication industry's decreasing efficacy. Natural products derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, have significant efficacy for the treatment of infectious diseases accompanied by less adverse effects, synergy, and ability to overcome drug resistance. The mortality rates have remained extremely high despite a large rise in microbial diseases during the recent years. The elimination of infectious illnesses is delayed by the establishment of novel resistance patterns and the proliferation of novel viruses. A major public health issue worldwide is the decreasing effectiveness of antibacterial medications [5].

References

1. Chalmers MJ, Gaskell SJ. Advances in mass spectrometry for proteome analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol.2000;11(4):384-390.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

2. Hsieh Y, A Korfmacher W. Increasing speed and throughput when using hplc-ms/ms systems fordrug metabolism and pharmacokinetic screening. Curr Drug Metab. 2006;7(5):479-489.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

3. Loo JA. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a technology for studying noncovalent macromolecular complexes. Int J Mass Spectrom. 2000;200(1-3):175-186.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar]

4. Robb DB, Covey TR, Bruins AP. Atmospheric pressure photoionization: an ionization method for liquid chromatography− mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2000;72(15):3653-3659.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

5. Karas M, Glückmann M, Schäfer J. Ionization in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization: singly charged molecular ions are the lucky survivors. J Mass Spectrom.2000;35(1):1-2.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]