Journal of Petroleum & Environmental Biotechnology

Different Advanced Methods for Sewage Treatment

Shih Zhang^* Department of Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
^*Correspondence: Shih Zhang, Department of Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, Email:

Received: 01-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JPEB-22-19327; Editor assigned: 02-Dec-2022, Pre QC No. JPEB-22-19327(PQ); Reviewed: 16-Dec-2022, QC No. JPEB-22-19327; Revised: 23-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JPEB-22-19327(R); Published: 30-Dec-2022, DOI: 10.35248/ 2157-7463.22.13.497

Description

Treatment of wastewater

A diluted mixture of different wastes from residential, commercial, and industrial locations is known as sewage or wastewater. This wastewater is treated to remove any negative characteristics that could harm both the environment and people. The reduction of suspended or floatable debris and the treatment of biodegradable organic matter are accomplished by the use of standard wastewater treatment techniques. However, the major purposes of using advanced wastewater treatment procedures are to eliminate all harmful, suspended, and suspended solids from the wastewater. Based on the contaminants contained in the wastewater, the most appropriate waste treatment procedure is chosen. Advanced waste treatment employs a variety of techniques to achieve a variety of specialized objectives, such as the removal of toxic compounds, plant nutrients, dissolved solids, and suspended solids.

These techniques can be employed to completely remove contaminants after secondary treatment or at any point during the entire treatment process, as in the case of industrial waterways.

Advanced wastewater termination method types

Micro screening for the treatment of wastewater: A revolving drum with a plastic filter fabric or woven metallic mesh attached to its edge and an aperture size of 20 to 60 is the equipment used for the micro screening procedure. The drum rotates constantly at a speed of 4 rpm while being installed inside the wastewater flow channel. The horizontal drum's upstream end receives the wastewater, which rotates radially outward through the mesh or micro fabric, leaving behind the suspended solids, whose diameters are larger than the mesh's.

A high pressure water jet is used to backwash the trapped sediments in the mesh and the drum before recycling them into the sedimentation tank. As the screening procedure moves forward, the pores become clogged by the buildup of particles, which results in the formation of pressure inside the drum. Small suspended particles with a diameter smaller than the mesh hole will be further filtered with the assistance of this pressure.

Ultrafiltration for wastewater treatment: It is a group of thin organic polymer membranes that are cast together to form a single filtration tube and range in thickness from 0.005 to.01 inches. It has a pore size range of 3 to 100 and a very thin separation layer. The process of using activated sludge in conjunction with this method is very common. Membranes in the ultrafiltration tube filter the suspended particles in the effluent as it moves through. To concentrate the biological solid material inside the activated sludge reactor, these suspended particles are then added back in.

Chemical coagulation and clarification-based treatment: The procedure of introducing a chemical that can destabilize the colloidal and suspended particles in the wastewater is known as chemical coagulation. Prior to filtering or sedimentation, chemical coagulation and flocculation are employed to help remove finely divided particles by generating more easily settleable flocs. Pre-treatments are crucial for the majority of water purification systems and wastewater treatment systems, and the traditional process sequence of coagulation/flocculation/ sedimentation is required. To increase the effectiveness of removing suspended solids, chemicals like lime (which is most frequently used for drinking water treatment), soda ash, and organic polyelectrolytes (starch, polysaccharide gums, or synthetic polyelectrolytes) are employed in the drinking water processing process.

Compared to sedimentation without coagulation, this chemical treatment step improves the removal of phosphorus and suspended particles from wastewater. Chemically enhanced sedimentation produces better and more reliable removals than plain sedimentation. However, it frequently produces more primary solids, also known as primary sludge, which is frequently more challenging to dewater. In addition to costing more to operate, it also requires more focus from the operator than simple sedimentation.

Biological oxidation: By means of biological oxidation, organic material with a carbon composition that is present in wastewater is transformed into humus. By using their enzymatic catalysis, bacteria or fungus help this process. The different components found in the organic matter are digested by pants as it breaks down, producing CO₂. Depending on the type of bacteria present in the organic waste to degrade, this process can either be anaerobic or aerobic.

Utilizing activated carbon in adsorption: When organic materials are burned to a temperature of 700, char is created. By exposing them to oxidizing gases like steam and CO₂ at high temperatures, this char is made active. These gases cause the surface of the char, which becomes activated carbon, to develop a porous structure. On its surface, this can be employed to absorb organic molecules. When it becomes saturated, the adsorption sites might renew.

Precipitation of chemistries: Phosphorus is typically found in wastewater as organic phosphate, polyphosphate, or orthophosphate.

This process coagulates the phosphorous present in the wastewater by adding chemicals like alum and ferric chloride to it. The coagulated material will precipitate out including aluminium phosphate and ferric.

The two main techniques for in-plant removal of phosphorus from wastewater are mineral addition and lime addition.

Alum, a hydrated form of aluminium sulphate, sodium aluminate, ferric sulphate, ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride, and ferrous chloride are the most widely used metal salts. An anionic polymer is typically added after the addition of a mineral to help with flocculation; depending on the process, the pH may also need to be adjusted. In the process of adding lime, hydroxyapatite is chemically precipitated to remove phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus present in the system's effluent suspended solids must be taken into account while constructing the phosphorus removal system.