Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta

Applications and Difficulties of Lipid Nanoparticles Modified with RGD Peptides for Cell-Targeted mRNA Delivery

Moreno Cudny^* Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
^*Correspondence: Moreno Cudny, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email:

Received: 02-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. PAA-23-22029; Editor assigned: 05-Jun-2023, Pre QC No. PAA-23-22029(PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jun-2023, QC No. PAA-23-22029; Revised: 26-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. PAA-23-22029(R); Published: 03-Jul-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.23.14.732

Description

Lipid Nano Particles (LNPs) are nanosized carriers that are capable of encapsulating a variety of medications, including nucleic acids, proteins, peptides, and small molecules, and delivering them to particular cells or tissues. LNPs are superior to alternative delivery methods in that they are low in toxicity, very stable, simple to make, and able to cross biological barriers. LNPs are particularly well suited for messenger Ribo Nucleic Acid (mRNA) therapeutic delivery, which is developing as a viable platform for applications in gene editing, vaccine development, and protein replacement therapy.

The ability to target the desired cells or tissues with high specificity and efficiency is one of the difficulties of using LNPs for mRNA delivery. This is crucial to improve the therapeutic result, lessen the likelihood of side effects, and use a lower dose. The surface of LNPs can be altered using a variety of techniques using ligands that can bind to target cells receptors or antigens. These ligands are tiny molecules, aptamers, peptides, antibodies, or other compounds that bind to particular cell surface molecules with great affinity and selectivity.

The Arginylglycylaspartic peptide, which binds to integrins, a family of transmembrane receptors that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, is one of the most commonly employed ligands for cell-targeted delivery of LNPs. Endothelial, smooth muscle, fibroblast, and tumour cells are only a few examples of the diverse cell types that express integrins. Inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and cancer progression are all significant processes that binds to integrins.

The peptide-based lipids are cationic lipids that are ionizable and can be formed into LNPs for targeted mRNA delivery and integrin binding. The hybrid structure of the peptide-based lipids is made up of a head group, a linker, an ionizable amino group, and a hydrophobic tail. The flexibility and optimal orientation of the head group are made possible by the linker, the ionizable amino group supports complexation with mRNA and endosomal getting away, the tail that's hydrophobic makes it easier to incorporate into the LNP bilayer, and the peptide head group provides the specificity for integrin binding.

The mRNA encoding different proteins or gene editing tools can be delivered to target cells using peptide-based lipids. The cellular uptake and transfection effectiveness of LNPs in integrin-expressing cells when compared to non-targeted control lipids was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo when used for targeted delivery of mRNA to perform gene editing.

One such research demonstrated that peptide-based lipids improved the targeting and retention of LNPs in ischemic tissues as compared to non-targeted control lipids. This involved the targeted delivery of mRNA encoding Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) to ischemic tissues. In ischemia models, the peptide-based lipids boosted the expression of VEGF, aided angiogenesis, and supported tissue regeneration. A potential approach to increase the specificity and effectiveness of mRNA delivery is cell-targeted therapy delivery using lipid nanoparticles. One of the most often utilized integrin targeting ligands is lipidbased peptides, which have demonstrated promising results in a number of applications. But to address issues including stability, immunogenicity, bio dispersion, and scalability, more peptidebased lipid and LNP optimization is required.