Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination

Advantage and Potential of Recombinant Vaccines

Xuen Feing^* Department of Advanced Sciences, University of Nanjing, Nanjing, China
^*Correspondence: Xuen Feing, Department of Advanced Sciences, University of Nanjing, Nanjing, China, Email:

Received: 22-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. JVV-23-20417; Editor assigned: 24-Feb-2023, Pre QC No. JVV-23-20417 (PQ); Reviewed: 10-Mar-2023, QC No. JVV-23-20417; Revised: 17-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. JVV-23-20417 (R); Published: 27-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.35248/2157-7560.23.14.519

Description

Recombinant vaccines have become increasingly popular due to their safety, efficacy, and ease of manufacturing. They are produced by genetic engineering techniques that involve the insertion of a gene coding for an antigen into a vector, which can be a virus, bacterium, or yeast. The vector is then used to express the antigen in large quantities, which is then purified and used as the vaccine.

One of the earliest recombinant vaccines was the hepatitis B vaccine, which was developed in the 1980s. It is made by inserting the gene coding for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) into yeast cells, which then produce large amounts of the antigen. This antigen is then purified and used as the vaccine. Recombinant vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. Firstly, they are safer because they do not contain live or attenuated organisms, which can cause disease in some individuals. Secondly, they are more effective because they can induce a stronger and more specific immune response. This is because the antigen is produced in a pure form, without any contaminants, which allows the immune system to recognize it more easily. Finally, recombinant vaccines are easier to manufacture because they can be produced in large quantities using well-established techniques.

Recombinant vaccines have been developed for many infectious diseases, including COVID-19, Ebola, HPV, and influenza. The COVID-19 vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are both recombinant vaccines that use mRNA technology to produce the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is then used as the antigen. These vaccines have been shown to be highly effective in preventing COVID-19 and its complications. Another example is the HPV vaccine, which is used to prevent cervical cancer. The vaccine is made by inserting the gene coding for the HPV virus capsid protein into yeast cells, which then produce large amounts of the protein. This protein is then purified and used as the vaccine. The HPV vaccine has been shown to be highly effective in preventing HPV infections and cervical cancer.

Recombinant vaccines have also been developed for influenza, which is a highly variable virus that requires frequent updates to the vaccine. The recombinant influenza vaccine is made by inserting the gene coding for the influenza virus hemagglutinin protein into insect cells, which then produce large amounts of the protein. This protein is then purified and used as the vaccine. The recombinant influenza vaccine has been shown to be as effective as traditional influenza vaccines and can be produced more quickly and in larger quantities.

Conclusion

Recombinant vaccines have revolutionized the field of vaccinology and have the potential to prevent a wide range of infectious diseases. They are safe, effective, and easy to manufacture, making them a promising tool for global health. With ongoing research and development, it is likely that more recombinant vaccines will be developed in the future, providing protection against even more diseases. In addition, advances in genetic engineering techniques and the use of novel vectors, such as viral vectors and nanoparticles, may further enhance the effectiveness of recombinant vaccines and expand their potential applications. These developments could lead to the development of vaccines for diseases that have been difficult to target with traditional vaccine approaches, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the use of recombinant vaccines in combination with other immunotherapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy, may provide even greater benefits for patients. As such, the future of recombinant vaccines holds great promise for improving global health and preventing the spread of infectious diseases.