Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology

A Brief Note on Zoonotic Diseases

Angela Barlaam^* Department of Animal Science, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
^*Correspondence: Angela Barlaam, Department of Animal Science, Medical School of Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, Email:

Received: 03-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-413; Editor assigned: 05-Jan-2022, Pre QC No. JBP-22-413 (PQ); Reviewed: 19-Jan-2022, QC No. JBP-22-413; Revised: 21-Jan-2022, Manuscript No. JBP-22-413 (R); Published: 28-Jan-2022, DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.22.13.413

About the Study

Zoonotic diseases (zoonoses or Zoonosis diseases) are infectious diseases that are transmitted from animal to human (or from human to animal) between species. Almost two-thirds of human infectious diseases result from pathogens shared with wildlife or livestock. Zoonotic diseases cause about 1 billion human cases and millions of deaths each year, a growing trend. Due to the close relationship between humans and animals, it is important to be aware of how humans can become infected with bacteria that can cause zoonotic diseases. These include:

Direct contact

Contact with the saliva, blood, urine, mucus, feces, or other body fluids of an infected animal. Examples include stroking, touching, biting and scratching animals.

Indirect contact

Contact with a place where animals live and roam, or with an object or surface contaminated with bacteria. Examples include aquarium water, pet habitats, chicken coops, barns, plants and soil, pet food and water bowls.

Vector disease infection

Bitten by insects such as mites, mosquitoes and fleas.

Food origin

Each year, one in six persons gets sick by eating contaminated food. Eating and drinking of milk, poorly cooked meat and eggs, or raw fruits and vegetables contaminated with the feces of infected animals is unsafe. Contaminated food can cause illness in humans and animals, including pets.

Underwater

Drinking or coming into contact with water contaminated with the feces of infected animals.

Common zoonotic diseases are zoonotic influenza, salmonellosis, West Nile virus, and plague. Emerging coronavirus (eg, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome), rabies, brucellosis, Lyme disease. Six-tenths of human infectious diseases are zoonotic diseases, which are a serious problem. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that cause a variety of illnesses from the common cold. There are three strains of coronavirus, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERSCoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARSCoV, Covid19). Dromedary-tohuman MERSCoV Some known coronaviruses circulate in animals that have not yet infected humans.

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that destroys brain cells and manifests itself. It can be harmful if left untreated. It is caused by a virus that lives in the saliva of the host or carrier and can be transmitted by a bite from the carrier or by an open wound or invasion of the mucous membrane of infected saliva. Rabies is reported to have been transmitted to humans by organ transplantation from infected individuals after inhaling air from a cave home to millions of bats.

The most common sources of human infection are wildlife and dogs. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito borne diseases. Most commonly, it infects humans by being bitten by infected mosquitoes. Cases of WNV occur during the mosquito season, which begins in summer and continues through autumn. There are no vaccines or treatments to prevent WNV in humans. Fortunately, most people infected with WNV do not feel sick. About 1 in 5 infected people develop fever and other symptoms. About 1 in 150 infected people develops a serious and sometimes fatal illness. You can reduce the risk of West Nile fever by using insect repellent and wearing longsleeved shirts and long trousers to prevent mosquito bites. A mosquito-borne infection that is normally maintained in nature by circulating from arthropod-borne animals to vertebrate hosts. Some people experience it only as a mild illness, and for others it is fatal (about one-third of cases are fatal). Symptoms of eastern equine encephalitis usually appear 3 to 10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. There is no vaccine for humans. Personal protective equipment is the most important way to prevent virus infection.

There are specific tests to diagnose various diseases and infectious diseases that can be caused by zoonotic diseases. People who may have zoonotic diseases should be referred to a doctor for diagnosis and treatment. Especially if the illness is abnormal and usually does not belong to the differential diagnosis, it is necessary to provide the doctor with all the information necessary to facilitate the diagnosis. Simultaneous elimination of pathogens from animal and human hosts is ideal for preventing pathogens from circulating between hosts.