Intellectual Property Rights: Open Access

Penas G

Publications

• Research Article
  The Use of Patents to Assess National Innovation Systems: Evidences from Spanish Biotechnology
  Author(s): Antonio Hidalgo, Penas G, Belda I, Alonso A, Marquina D and Santos A Antonio Hidalgo, Penas G, Belda I, Alonso A, Marquina D and Santos A
  
  Spain’s economy recorded a high rate of growth from the mid-1990s onwards. At the same time, the resources allocated to Research and Development (R&D) grew at a much faster pace than in other European Union (EU) countries. Spain’s growth recorded an average rate of 2.93% from the early 1990s to 2004. Over the same period, the average growth in the EU was 0.46%. This circumstance, together with several sound policy decisions implemented between 2004 and 2009, ushered in a “golden age of Spanish biotechnology”. In terms of the national patent licenses issued by the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office (SPTO) between 2004 and 2009, the number in biotechnology grew from 84 to 151. However, the current economic situation in Spain, along with a series of political decisions taken over the past two or three years to cut spending on R&D, predicts a sharp downtur.. View More»
  DOI: 10.4172/2375-4516.1000122

  Abstract PDF