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Evgenia Protasova
Evgenia Protasova
Norway
Publications
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Review Article
Smart Water for Enhanced Oil Recovery by Nano-Filtration
Author(s): Remya Ravindran Nair*, Evgenia Protasova and Torleiv BilstadRemya Ravindran Nair*, Evgenia Protasova and Torleiv Bilstad
Chemistry of injected water can modify the wettability behaviour of carbonate reservoirs. Wettability modification towards more water-wet reservoir rocks results in increased oil production. Smart water production by selective ionic water content is a major developing area in current enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Technical limitations for smart water production for EOR using seawater as feed for membranes are described in this paper. Desired characteristics of smart water for injection into carbonate reservoirs are low Na+ and Cl- and high divalent ion concentrations. Wettability alteration by smart water occurs due to symbiotic behaviour of Ca2+, SO4 2- and Mg2+ ions and the carboxylic material of the reservoir rock surface. Nano-filtration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) membranes were used for ion separation experiments. Retentate from NF contains the main constituents of smart water... View More»
DOI: 10.4172/2157-7463.1000273