Genetic variation and diversity are fundamental aspects of life on Earth. These concepts form the very essence of evolution, allowing species to adapt and thrive in a constantl
Once exosomes are isolated from physiological fluids, it is essential to determine their purity. Exosomes contain certain universal lipids and proteins, including membrane t
Clinical trials represent the gold standard for evaluating the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of new drugs. Precision medicine tailors treatment strategies to individual patient characteristics, including genetic makeup, biomarker profiles, and disease subtypes, to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize adverse effects. Precision medicine approaches integrate genomic profiling, molecular diagnostics, and targeted therapies to identify patient-specific treatment regimens tailored to molecular drivers of disease.