Genetic variation and diversity are fundamental aspects of life on Earth. These concepts form the very essence of evolution, allowing species to adapt and thrive in a constantl
Once exosomes are isolated from physiological fluids, it is essential to determine their purity. Exosomes contain certain universal lipids and proteins, including membrane t
One of the primary criticisms of BMI is its lack of precision. By condensing complex biological factors into a single numerical value, BMI may oversimplify the assessment of body composition. It does not differentiate between lean body mass and fat mass, potentially misclassifying muscular individuals as overweight or obese. BMI may not accurately represent body fat distribution across different ethnicities and genders. Variations in muscle mass, bone density, and fat distribution can lead to misinterpretations of health risk. For example, individuals of Asian descent may have a higher percentage of body fat at lower BMI values than individuals of European descent. BMI’s applicability varies across age groups, particularly in children and older adults. Growth patterns, changes in bone density, and alterations in body composition with aging can impact the accuracy of BMI assessments. Numerous studies have established a strong association between elevated BMI and various health risks. These include an increased likelihood of developing chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and musculoskeletal disorders. Research examining the link between BMI and mortality has yielded mixed results. The so-called “obesity paradox” suggests that overweight or moderately obese individuals may have a survival advantage in certain medical conditions, challenging the simplistic notion that lower BMI always equates to better health outcomes. While BMI is primarily a physical health indicator, its implications extend to mental health and body image. Societal pressure to conform to BMI standards can contribute to body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and a distorted perception of one’s own body [1-4].