Journal of Forensic Biomechanics

Abstract

Time to Stop: Firearm Simulation Dynamics

Lon D. Bartel, Nicole M. Florisi*, Von Kliem, Tom Cameron, Miranda Fuller and Jeff Knaup

This study focused on the perceptual, cognitive, and physiological processes involved in the perception-reaction phases of shooting and then stopping in response to stimuli. Utilizing a police/military training simulator, the researchers aimed to understand the lag between the presentation of a stop stimulus and the actual cessation of the action. Participants, predominantly college-aged adults, engaged in a shooting exercise using a VirTra simulator with a CO₂-powered Glock 17, simulating the recoil and firing of a live weapon. The scenario required them to shoot at a target that changes color from green (start) to red (stop), with the researchers recording the number of rounds fired after the stop signal and the timing of these shots. The findings indicated a delay in stopping the shooting action, reflecting the psychological and motor response complexities in similar dynamic events. The study contributes to understanding the critical timing in perception and action execution/cessation in simulated firearm use, providing insights into training and the dynamics of use-of-force situations. This research underscores the complexity of perception reaction times in real-world situations and the potential for technology-based simulations to study and improve training methods in law enforcement and military settings.

Published Date: 2025-02-13; Received Date: 2025-01-14