Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Abstract

Nanovesicles Mediated Tumor Tolerance in Dalton's Ascites Lymphoma Mice

Chinnapandi Bharathiraja, Raman Sukirtha, Yael Heifetz, Shanmugam Achiraman, Muthukalingan Krishnan and Soundararajan Kamalakkannan

Shedding of microvesicles from live cells with 40- 100 nm size is termed as exosomes or nanovesicles. They are secreted by various types of cells such as mast cells, dentritic cells, epithelial cells and so on. Inward interaction of plasma membrane along with its intracellular components results in the formation of budded microvesicles. These nanovesicles can also act as signalosomes, since it carry genetic information such as exosomal shuttle RNA, miRNA, DNA and proteins. Exosomes mediated signals are as similar as their cellular origin and it also transfers the information efficiently through cellular communication. Taking advantage of this peculiar function, cancer cells derived exosomes triggers cellular proliferation and attains malignancy by transferring the signals even to distant cells. Cell cycle dysregulation was well documented in Dalton's ascites lymphoma mice and intra peritoneal injection of 1×106 cells from DAL mice could induce metastasis in normal Swiss albino mouse within 10 days. To conclude, exchange of cellular signals by cancer cells derived exosomes efficiently induces metastasis in DAL mice. Consequently, this review will emphasize the role of exosomes in regulating cancer stemness and its microenvironment.