Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology

Abstract

Immunodiagnosis Tools for Parasitic Diseases

Deepak S and Singla LD

Regarding harmful agents in livestock, parasites play an important role moreover it also effect 1/4th of the human populace by various zoonotic diseases (e.g. Toxplasma, Cryptosporidium, Trypanosomiasis, etc.). In livestock the parasites successful invade host immune responses, so early diagnosis of parasitic agents by various immunodiagnostic techniques is very important. Numerous immunological/serological techniques have been emerged such as the complement fixation test (CFT), immunodiffusion (ID), indirect haemagglutination (IHA), indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA), various forms of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [Sandwich ELISA, indirect and direct ELISA, competitive ELISA, falcon assay screening test ELISA (FAST-ELISA), dot-ELISA, rapid antigen detection system (RDTS), and luciferase immune precipitation system (LIPS)] and radioimmunoassay (RIA). They targets different components of parasite, moreover they can detect disease before the emergence of clinical sign. These tests are used for many important parasitic diseases like Echinococcus multilocularis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Taenia solium and parasite causing Babesiosis, Toxoplasmosis, Visceral leishmaniasis, Human African Trypanosomiasis in both man and animals. Moreover now a day’s nano and biosensor technology has also been used for improvising the diagnostic aspect. This current mini-review is an attempt to consolidate some information of different serological based test for early diagnosis of main parasitic disease.