Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health

Abstract

Distribution of Vector Sandflies Leishmaniasis from an Endemic Area of Venezuela

Elsa Nieves, Luzmary Oraá, Yorfer Rondón, Mireya Sánchez, Yetsenia Sánchez, Maria Rujano, Maritza Rondón, Masyelly Rojas, Nestor Gonzalez and Dalmiro Cazorla

Background: Sandflies distribution is associated with different factors linked to climate changes that might cause alterations in their distribution and increase the risk of leishmaniasis transmission. Present work aims to determine the composition and structure of sandflies from an endemic area of Venezuela and its relationship to environmental variables. Method: Various locations were sampled, four sandflies capture methods were used and weather variables capture site, altitude, temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Specimens were identified. Abundance, dominance and species richness was estimated and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: L. youngi is the main species associated with sandfly transmission of Leishmania in the highlands (≥ 600 m.asl), while L. gomezi, L. ovallesi and L. walkeri were found in lower altitudes and higher temperatures, prevailed in the lowlands (≤ 600 m. asl). Sandflies in the warmer lower altitudes showed greater species richness, greater biodiversity, and lower dominance than those at higher altitudes. Conclusion: The sandflies composition and structure changed according to climate factors, showing a speciesspecific dispersion pattern. Relevant data for sandfly vectors species of Leishmania are provided that should be considered in implementing control and prevention measures