Biology and Medicine

Abstract

Biological factors responsible for failure of osseointegration in oral implants

*Hadi SA, Ashfaq N, Bey A, Khan S

Oral implantology (implant dentistry) is the science and discipline concerned with the diagnosis, design, insertion, restoration, and/or management of alloplastic or autogenous oral structure to restore the loss of contour, comfort, function, esthetic, speech, and/or health of the partially or completely edentulous patient. Osseointegration, a term coined by Branemark and co-workers in early 1960s, represents a direct connection between bone and implant without interposed soft tissue layers. The aim of the present review is to discuss various factors responsible for loss of oral implants. The factors contributing to failure of osseointegration have been identified as medical status of the patient, smoking, bone quality, bone grafting, irradiation, bacterial contamination, lack of preoperative antibiotics, degree of surgical trauma, and operator experience. Furthermore, it appears that implant surface properties, roughness and premature loading influence the failure pattern.